Year 10 Biology

Question 1

What is genetic variation?

Answer 1

Difference within a species because of different genes.

Question 2

What is environmental variation?

Answer 2

Difference within a species because of different conditions during upbringing.

Question 3

Give 4 examples of environmental variation

Answer 3

Got a bad cold, dyed blonde hair, cut on face and STD

Question 4

Give 4 examples of genetic variation

Answer 4

Sex, height, eye colour and attached ear lobes

Question 5

Which two contraceptive methods prevent the sperm and ovum meeting?

Answer 5

Diaghragm and the sheath(condom)

Question 6

Name one contraceptive method that prevents STDs

Answer 6

Sheath(condom)

Question 7

Name an STD (virus)

Answer 7

HIV

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

It contains the genetic information from both parents.

Question 9

Where do you find a gene?

Answer 9

In the human genome.

Question 10

What is gene made of?

Answer 10

A gene is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 11

Where is DNA found?

Answer 11

Within the nucleus of every cell

Question 12

DNA is a long molecule consisting of _______, ___________ and a ______________. One of each of these components bonded together correctly bonded together correctly forms a _________. The whole DNA molecule has _________ _________ and twists together to form a _________ __________.

Answer 12

Deoxyribose, Phosphate,Nitrogenous base, nucleotide, two strands, double helix.

Question 13

There are _ different nitrogenous bases: __________, __________, ___________ and _____________.

Answer 13

4, Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

Question 14

What are the nitrogenous bases shortened to?

Answer 14

A,C,G,T

Question 15

Adenine will always bond with _________

Answer 15

Thymine

Question 16

Guanine will always bond with __________

Answer 16

Cytosine

Question 17

Work out the complementary strand

C T T G T A G T C A

Answer 17

G A A C A T C A G T

Question 18

Work out the complementary strand

G G C A T G C T T C

Answer 18

C C G T A C G A A G

Question 19

Work out the complementary strand

G A C T T G G T T C

Answer 19

C T G A A C C A A G

Question 20

Work out the complementary strand

C T G A A G T G G C

Answer 20

G A C T T C A C C G

Question 21

Give an example fo when an aseptic technique may be used

Answer 21

In a food testing laboratory

Question 22

What type of variation is shoe size

Answer 22

Discontinuous

Question 23

What type of variation is eye colour

Answer 23

Continuous

Question 24

What 2 cells in the body get rid of infection

Answer 24

Physical barrier eg nose etc

Lymphocytes

Question 25

What are phagocytes

Answer 25

Phagocytes are the type of white blood cells responsible for “mopping up” infected cells and pathogens that have entered the body.

Question 26

Describe phagocytosis

Answer 26

Phagocytes go around ingesting and then digesting microbes. They work a bit like pacman! This process is known as phagocytosis

Question 27

Give 2 side effects of using the pill

Answer 27

Weight gain | Mood changes

Question 28

What is the shape of the DNA molecule named

Answer 28

Double Helix

Question 29

How many chromosomes does every human cell have

Answer 29

46 | 23 from father and 23 from mother

Question 30

Give 2 examples of a bacteria disease

Answer 30

Salmonella | Meningitis

Question 31

Give 2 examples of fungi diseases

Answer 31

Athlete’s foot | Thrush

Question 32

Give 2 examples of virus diseases

Answer 32

Measles | HIV

Question 33

What is an antibiotic

Answer 33

Antibiotics are a group of chemicals that stop bacterial growth.

Question 34

Who first discovered the antibiotic

Answer 34

Alexander Fleming

Question 35

What has been the recent problem with antibiotics

Answer 35

In recent years a major problem with the overuse of antibiotics has developed. It has been observed that some types of bacteria are now resistant to certain antibiotics. These bacteria are often referred to as “superbugs” by Newspapers and TV programmes.

Question 36

Name 2 “superbugs”

Answer 36

MRSA | C. difficile

Question 37

Name 4 methods to stop pregnancy

Answer 37

The Natural Cycle Chemical Contraceptive Methods Mechanical Contraceptive Methods Surgical Methods

Question 38

Define Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

Answer 38

These are diseases passed from one person to the next during sexual intercourse

Question 39

What does variation mean

Answer 39

Variation means that everything is different. You do not look the same as your friends. You do not always like the same things as your friends

Question 40

Define Continuous variation

Answer 40

Continuous Variation is when you get a range or a gradual change across the population which can be measured. e.g. height or weight.

Question 41

Define discontinuous variation

Answer 41

Discontinuous variation can clearly be divided into groups. e.g. ability to roll tongue, blood group, ear lobe shape, eye colour and hair colour.