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Biology > Year 10 > Flashcards

Year 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores found mostly on the underside of a leaf; allows gas exchange and closes to limit water loss

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2
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

Waxy layer that prevents water loss from leaf structure

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3
Q

Palisade mesophyll tissue

A

Layer with closely packed cells that have a high concentration of chloroplasts; where most photosynthesis occurs in a leaf

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4
Q

Guard cell

A

Controls the opening and closing of the Stomata

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5
Q

Xylem

A

Carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves via the stem

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6
Q

Phloem

A

Carries sugars and amino acids air spaces

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7
Q

Spongy mesophyll tissue

A

Layer of the cells that contains air spaces

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8
Q

Air space

A

Allows carbon dioxide from the air to palisade mesophyll cells. Also allows oxygen to diffuse from palisade mesophyll cells to the atmosphere

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

Layer of cells that protect internal tissues from damage and pathogen invasion

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10
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water =(using light) glucose + oxygen

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11
Q

Cells…

A

building blocks of all living organisms

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12
Q

Tissue…

A

group of cells with a similar structure and functions

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13
Q

Organs…

A

a group of tissues preforming specific functions

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14
Q

What are organs organized into?

A

Organ systems which work together to form organisms

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15
Q

What does the Nitrate Ion do in plants?

A

Used to make proteins to help the plant grow

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16
Q

What does the Magnesium Ion do in plants?

A

Used to make chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis

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17
Q

Why is water important for plants?

A

Photosynthesis

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18
Q

How are plant roots adapted for the absorption of water and minerals?

A

Lots of root hair cells so it can carry more water due to lots of surface area

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19
Q

Name the tissue that transports water and mineral ions from roots to leaves

A

Xylem

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20
Q

Explain how Xylem’s are adapted for Transpiration

A

They are hollow so water and mineral ions can get transported straight up

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21
Q

Name the tissue that transports the sugar made by leaves during photosynthesis to the rest of the plant for respiration or storage

A

Phloem

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22
Q

How are Phloems adapted?

A

It has layers with holes that allows dissolved sugars to get through.

23
Q

What process do Phloems have?

A

Translocation

24
Q

What process do Xylems have?

A

Transpiration

25
Q

Compare the Xylem and the Phloem

A

The Xylem is made up of dead cells, and the Phloem is made up of living cells. Xylem is a hollow tube that allows water and minerals to go straight up, while the Phloem has layers with tiny holes so that sugar can dissolve through.

26
Q

WHich part of the cell is where chemical reactions take place?

A

Cytoplasm

27
Q

How do white blood cells kill pathogens?

A

Engulfs the pathogen and kills it

28
Q

Whats Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water molecules moving across a semi-permeable membrane.

29
Q

Whats transpiration?

A

Evaporation and movement of water away from the plant’s leaves from the inside of the plant

30
Q

When is transpiration increased?

A

When light intensity is higher
When the temperature is warmer
When its windy
When the humidity is lower

31
Q

Acid

A

A substance with a pH less than 7

32
Q

Active site

A

part of an enzyme with a unique shape so it can bind to a specific substrate molecule

33
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient. Requires energy from respiration

34
Q

Alkali

A

A substance with a pH more than 7

35
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in clusters throughout the lungs. They provide a large surface area for gas exchange

36
Q

Amino acid

A

A monomer that is a building block for proteins

37
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars. A type of carbohdrase

38
Q

Aorta

A

The artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

39
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

40
Q

Artificial pacemaker

A

An electrical device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate

41
Q

Atrium (plural: Artia)

A

A chamber at the top of the heart

42
Q

Benedict’s reagent

A

A blue solution that turns brick red on heating if some reducingsugar is present

42
Q

Benign tumor

A

A growth of abnormal cells contained in one area, usually within a membrane

43
Q

Bile

A

An alkaline liquid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It neutralises the hydrolic acid from the stomach and emulsifies fats

44
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

Biuret reagent

A

A blue reagent which turns purple if protein is present

45
Q

Bronchi

A

The airways that lead from the trachea into the lungs

45
Q

Cancer

A

A disease caused by changes in the cells that lead to an uncontrolled growth and division

46
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels that link the arteries and veins

47
Q

Carbohydrase

A

A molecule that breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars

48
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A molecule made up of simple sugars that is a source of energy in food

49
Q

Carcinogen

A

A substance capable of causing cancer

Biology (2 decks)

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