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Biology > Cell biology > Flashcards

Cell biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Every cell contains…

A

Genetic material, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

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2
Q

DNA

A

Genetic material that controls activities of the cell

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what can and cannot enter and leave the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen inside the cell

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis in the cell

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6
Q

There are two distinct type of cells….

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

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7
Q

Specialised cell

A

Cells that have a specific structure and function. They are adapted to preform a particular task

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8
Q

How do cells specialise?

A

By undergoing differentiation

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9
Q

What cells are Eukaryotic cells?

A

Plant and animal

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10
Q

Whats the defining feature of a Eukaryotic cell?

A

Genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus

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11
Q

What components do animal cells have?

A

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes and Cytoplasm

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12
Q

What type of cell is a plant cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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13
Q

What components do plant cells have?

A

Permanent vacuole, Ribosomes, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Cytoplasm and Mitochondria

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14
Q

What components does a nerve cell have?

A

Nucleus, Nerve ending, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane

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15
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

To transmit electrical signals in the nervous system

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16
Q

Nerve cells are…

A

specialised

17
Q

What adaptations do nerve cells have?

A

-Cell body is where most of the cellular structures are located and most protein synthesis occurs
-Extensions of the cell body allowing the neurone to communicate with other nerve cells, muscle and glands
-They have a fatty sheath that surrounds them. This increases the speed at which the message can travel

18
Q

How are muscle cells adapted?

A

-Have layers of protein filaments in them. These layers can slide over each other causing muscle contraction
-Lots of mitochondria for energy (via respiration) for muscle contraction

19
Q

What is the function of muscle cells?

A

Contraction of movement

20
Q

What re the three types of muscle cells?

A

skeletal, smooth and cardiac (heart)

21
Q

What are heart muscles?

A

Contract and relax to pump blood around out bodies

22
Q

What are smooth muscle cells?

A

make up thin sheets of muscle (eg stomach lining)

23
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Joined to bones. Its cells contract to make bones move and joints bend

24
Q
A

Biology (2 decks)

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