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Year 1 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent (unstable DNA)
Anticancer - Any cell with high turn-over, SLE DMARD
Typical chemo SE + haemorrhagic cystitis

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2
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Cytotoxic antibiotic (inhibits protein synthesis and DNA)
Anticancer - acute leukaemia, lymphoma and other solid organ tumours
Typical chemo SE, cardio toxicity (arrhythmias acutely, myopathy chronically) and alopecia

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3
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite (folate antagonist)
Anticancer
Typical chemo SE, teratogenic, neurotoxic, pul fibrosis

DMARD
Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory

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4
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Hormone antagonist (SERM oestrogen antagonist)
Anticancer - oestrogen dependent breast cancer
Hot flush/sweating

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5
Q

Anastrozole

A

Hormone antagonist (reduces oestrogen production)
Anticancer - oestrogen dependent breast cancer in POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Hot flush/sweating, decreased bone density

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6
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Monoclonal antibody (HER2 receptor antibody)
Anticancer - breast cancer
Expensive

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7
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta lactam - penicillin (inhibits transpeptidase for cell lysis)
Antibiotic - mostly gram +ve
Use clavulanic acid for resistant bacteria (augmentin)

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8
Q

Cephalexin

A

Beta lactam - cephalosporin (inhibits transpeptisade for cell lysis)
Antibiotic - second line after penicillin for allergic patients
Neurotoxic (rare), GIT upset

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide (cell wall lysis)
Antibiotic - gram +ve resistant to other drugs (MRSA)
Red man syndrome if IV too fast, renal toxicity

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10
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluroquinalone (inhibits DNA)
Antibiotic - gram -ve infection of bone/joints. DO NOT administer w multivitamins as inhibited absorption
Cartilage/tendon damage (achilles rupture), QT prolongation, AAA
Used in prostatitis as it penetrates tissue, infectious diarrhoea, only PO abx active against pseudomonas

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11
Q

Metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole (inhibits DNA)
Antibiotic - protozoa/parasite/anaerobe infections
Interacts with alcohol, metallic taste in mouth

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12
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - gram -ve
Nephrotoxic, ototoxic (needs monitoring)

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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - acne, URTI
Interferes with bone growth (not for kids 8> and pregnant women)

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14
Q

Erythromycin

A

Microlide (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - second line after penicillin
Avoid in 1st trimester, GI & cardiac abnormalities

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15
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

(inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - broad
Grey baby syndrome, myelosuppression

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16
Q

Rifampicin

A

Antibiotic - TB, gram +ve
SE: Red urine, drug interaction, transient ^ of transaminases
Given for meningococcal contacts as prophylaxis

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17
Q

Isoniazid

A

Antibiotic - TB

SE: Hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy (B6 deficiency, given with pyridoxine), drug induced lupus

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18
Q

Acyclovir

A 
Guanine analogue (inhibits DNA)
Antiviral - HSV, shingles, varicella 
Well tolerated, safe for pregnancy
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19
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor (virus can’t detach)
Antiviral - influenza A/B
GI upset

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20
Q

Interferon alpha

A

Antiviral - Hep B/C

Can also be anticancer

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21
Q

Amantadine

A

Antiviral - Influenza/parkinsons

Livedo reticularis

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22
Q

Ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor (prevents viral maturation)
Antiviral - HIV
Serious SE

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23
Q

Fluconazole

A

Azole (cell membrane)
Antifungal - broad, candida (clotrimazole), meningitis
Drug interactions

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24
Q

Amphotericin

A

Polyenes (cell membrane)
Antifungal - severe asperigillus and candida
SE: hypokalaemia

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25
Rocuronium
Non-depolarising blocker (nicotinic antagonist) | NMJ - prolonged paralysis/mm relaxation
26
Suxamethonium
Depolarising blocker | NMJ - intubation, reliable and brief
27
Pyridostigmine+Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase (blocks AChE) NMJ - myasthenia gravis SNS activation, Atropine (muscarinic antagonist) used to counteract effects
28
Lignocaine/Bupivacaine/Amethocaine
Anaesthetic (prevents AP) Lignocaine - amide LA Bupivacaine - amide epidural Amethocaine - ester spinal/cornea anaesthetic
29
Aspirin
NSAID (nonselective COX inhibitor) Low dose COX 1 selective (anti-platelet) SE: GI bleeding, asthma
30
Ibuprofen
NSAID (selective COX-2 inhibitor) Ind: mets bone pain, inflammatory conditions SE: gastric ulcers, indigestion
31
Paracetamol/Meloxicam
Simple analgesic SE: liver damage N-acetylcysteine for OD
32
Morphine
Opioid (mu receptor agonist) Severe pain Opioid SE (resp depression, no cough reflex, GI effects,
33
Codeine
Opioid (mu receptor agonist) Less potent but less additive than morphine Lower doses for cough suppression Opioid SE
34
Pethidine
Opioid (mu receptor agonist) | Used in childbirth
35
Tramadol
Opioid (weak mu receptor agonist, serotonin/NA reuptake inhibitor) Chronic neuropathic pain
36
Naloxone
Opioid receptor antagonist | For OD/withdrawl
37
Cortisol/Hydrocortisol
Endogenous steroids SAID indic - Addison's, inflammatory conditions, RA, allergic diseases SAID SE - hyperglycaemia, growth suppression, osteoporosis, HNT, immune suppression, Cushing's
38
Prednisolone/Dexamethasone (stronger)
Exogenous steroid SAID indic - Addison's, inflammatory conditions, RA, allergic diseases SAID SE - hyperglycaemia, growth suppression, osteoporosis, HNT, immune suppression, Cushing's
39
Atorvastatin
Statin Hyperlipidemia - inhibits HMG CoA reductase SE: Liver function derangement, GI upset, muscle pains, rhabdomyolysis (dark urine, check CK, stop drug)
40
Digoxin
Positive Inotrope Increases myocardial contractility, slow AV node SE- arrhythmia, interacts with diuretics, gynaecomastia, visual changes (blurred/yellow green), N+V Digifab for OD
41
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Nitrate Converted to nitric oxide, vasodilation SE- don't take with viagra
42
Adenosine
Adenosine Hyperpolarises conducting tissue, slows pacemaker activity through alpha-1 receptors. Blocks AV node. Used in SVT SE - bronchospasms in asthmatics and chest pain
43
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide Inhibits NaCl at DCT SE - hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, causes gout (hyperurecemia), hypercalcemia Metolazone is a thiazide good for synergistic treatment of HNT with loop diuretics as it can be used in renal impairment
44
Frusemide
Loop diuretic Inhibits Na/Cl/K at ascending limb of Henle, strongest diuretic SE: hypokalaemia, can cause gout, ototoxic
45
Verapamil/Amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker - blocks L-type channels to reduce cardiac contractility Verapamil/Diltiazem - centrally acting. SE: heart block if high doses/used w BB Amlodipine - both central and peripheral. Dihydropyridine. SE: reflexive tachy, flushing and headache CCB SE- don't take w with heart failure or BB, constipation
46
Atenolol
Beta blocker Cardio selective, only B-1 receptors BB SE- OH, erectile dysfunction Contra: asthma
47
Peridopril
ACE inhibitor SE - hyperkalaemia, dry cough. Leading cause of drug induced angioedema Ind: renal protective in DM.
48
Irbesartan
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)
49
Infliximab
TNF-alpha inhibitor (DMARD) | Suppression of cytokines
50
Cyclosporin
Calcineurin inhibitor Inhibits IL-2 production, thus inhibits T-cell maturation Ind: main transplant chronic rejection drug SE: nephrotoxic (constant monitoring)
51
Spironolactone
Ka-sparing diuretic aldosterone antagonist, inhibits Na/K antiporter ATPase pump in basolateral membrane (principal cells in DCT/collecting ducts) SE: hyperkalaemia, gynaecomastia
52
Indomethacin
NSAID | used in urolithiasis for analgesia and anti-inflam
53
Amiodarone
Anti-arrhythmic Increases plateau phase of action potential, prolongs QT interval Used in treatment of rhythm of AF, short term VT prophylaxis SE: Bradycardia, Interstitial lung disease, Thyroid dysfunction, Corneal microdeposits, Hepatic fibrosis, skin photosensitivity
54
Dobutamine
B1 agonists | Used in heart failure and cardiogenic shock
55
Trimethoprim
Folate antagonist abx Often combined with sulfamethoxazole as Bacrim for UTI and bladder infections. Contra: pregnancy. use nitrofurantoin instead SE: chronic use = folate deficiency macrocytosis
56
RIPE
Rifampicin Isoniazid Ethambutol - optic neuritis, red/green colour blindness Pyrazinamide - gout
57
Flecanide
Anti-arrhythmic Used in AF for rhythm control Contra: IHD or HNT. Do not use in atrial flutter (decreases atrial rate enough for rapid ventricular response through AV -> VT). Use BB or CCB first to block AV conduction.
58
Sotolol
BB Used as an anti-arrhythmic in AF SE: can cause torsades de pointes, do not use in long-QT syndrome
59
Dabigatran
``` Direct thrombin (F2) inhibitor Only reversible NOAC. Stronger than others ```
60
Apixaban | Rivaroxaban
Factor Xa inhibitor No antidotes Apixaban: shit one. Has renal adjusted doses although both are renally cleared FFP to reverse

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