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VIA > Year 1 Pharm > Flashcards

Year 1 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent (unstable DNA)
Anticancer - Any cell with high turn-over, SLE DMARD
Typical chemo SE + haemorrhagic cystitis

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2
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Cytotoxic antibiotic (inhibits protein synthesis and DNA)
Anticancer - acute leukaemia, lymphoma and other solid organ tumours
Typical chemo SE, cardio toxicity (arrhythmias acutely, myopathy chronically) and alopecia

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3
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite (folate antagonist)
Anticancer
Typical chemo SE, teratogenic, neurotoxic, pul fibrosis

DMARD
Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory

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4
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Hormone antagonist (SERM oestrogen antagonist)
Anticancer - oestrogen dependent breast cancer
Hot flush/sweating

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5
Q

Anastrozole

A

Hormone antagonist (reduces oestrogen production)
Anticancer - oestrogen dependent breast cancer in POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Hot flush/sweating, decreased bone density

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6
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Monoclonal antibody (HER2 receptor antibody)
Anticancer - breast cancer
Expensive

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7
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta lactam - penicillin (inhibits transpeptidase for cell lysis)
Antibiotic - mostly gram +ve
Use clavulanic acid for resistant bacteria (augmentin)

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8
Q

Cephalexin

A

Beta lactam - cephalosporin (inhibits transpeptisade for cell lysis)
Antibiotic - second line after penicillin for allergic patients
Neurotoxic (rare), GIT upset

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide (cell wall lysis)
Antibiotic - gram +ve resistant to other drugs (MRSA)
Red man syndrome if IV too fast, renal toxicity

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10
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluroquinalone (inhibits DNA)
Antibiotic - gram -ve infection of bone/joints. DO NOT administer w multivitamins as inhibited absorption
Cartilage/tendon damage (achilles rupture), QT prolongation, AAA
Used in prostatitis as it penetrates tissue, infectious diarrhoea, only PO abx active against pseudomonas

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11
Q

Metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole (inhibits DNA)
Antibiotic - protozoa/parasite/anaerobe infections
Interacts with alcohol, metallic taste in mouth

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12
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - gram -ve
Nephrotoxic, ototoxic (needs monitoring)

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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - acne, URTI
Interferes with bone growth (not for kids 8> and pregnant women)

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14
Q

Erythromycin

A

Microlide (inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - second line after penicillin
Avoid in 1st trimester, GI & cardiac abnormalities

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15
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

(inhibits protein synthesis)
Antibiotic - broad
Grey baby syndrome, myelosuppression

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16
Q

Rifampicin

A

Antibiotic - TB, gram +ve
SE: Red urine, drug interaction, transient ^ of transaminases
Given for meningococcal contacts as prophylaxis

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17
Q

Isoniazid

A

Antibiotic - TB

SE: Hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy (B6 deficiency, given with pyridoxine), drug induced lupus

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18
Q

Acyclovir

A 
Guanine analogue (inhibits DNA)
Antiviral - HSV, shingles, varicella 
Well tolerated, safe for pregnancy
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19
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor (virus can’t detach)
Antiviral - influenza A/B
GI upset

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20
Q

Interferon alpha

A

Antiviral - Hep B/C

Can also be anticancer

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21
Q

Amantadine

A

Antiviral - Influenza/parkinsons

Livedo reticularis

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22
Q

Ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor (prevents viral maturation)
Antiviral - HIV
Serious SE

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23
Q

Fluconazole

A

Azole (cell membrane)
Antifungal - broad, candida (clotrimazole), meningitis
Drug interactions

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24
Q

Amphotericin

A

Polyenes (cell membrane)
Antifungal - severe asperigillus and candida
SE: hypokalaemia

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25
Q

Rocuronium

A

Non-depolarising blocker (nicotinic antagonist)

NMJ - prolonged paralysis/mm relaxation

26
Q

Suxamethonium

A

Depolarising blocker

NMJ - intubation, reliable and brief

27
Q

Pyridostigmine+Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase (blocks AChE)
NMJ - myasthenia gravis
SNS activation, Atropine (muscarinic antagonist) used to counteract effects

28
Q

Lignocaine/Bupivacaine/Amethocaine

A

Anaesthetic (prevents AP)
Lignocaine - amide LA
Bupivacaine - amide epidural
Amethocaine - ester spinal/cornea anaesthetic

29
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID (nonselective COX inhibitor)
Low dose COX 1 selective (anti-platelet)
SE: GI bleeding, asthma

30
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID (selective COX-2 inhibitor)
Ind: mets bone pain, inflammatory conditions
SE: gastric ulcers, indigestion

31
Q

Paracetamol/Meloxicam

A

Simple analgesic
SE: liver damage
N-acetylcysteine for OD

32
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid (mu receptor agonist)
Severe pain
Opioid SE (resp depression, no cough reflex, GI effects,

33
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid (mu receptor agonist)
Less potent but less additive than morphine
Lower doses for cough suppression
Opioid SE

34
Q

Pethidine

A

Opioid (mu receptor agonist)

Used in childbirth

35
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid (weak mu receptor agonist, serotonin/NA reuptake inhibitor)
Chronic neuropathic pain

36
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

For OD/withdrawl

37
Q

Cortisol/Hydrocortisol

A

Endogenous steroids
SAID indic - Addison’s, inflammatory conditions, RA, allergic diseases
SAID SE - hyperglycaemia, growth suppression, osteoporosis, HNT, immune suppression, Cushing’s

38
Q

Prednisolone/Dexamethasone (stronger)

A

Exogenous steroid
SAID indic - Addison’s, inflammatory conditions, RA, allergic diseases
SAID SE - hyperglycaemia, growth suppression, osteoporosis, HNT, immune suppression, Cushing’s

39
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Statin
Hyperlipidemia - inhibits HMG CoA reductase
SE: Liver function derangement, GI upset, muscle pains, rhabdomyolysis (dark urine, check CK, stop drug)

40
Q

Digoxin

A

Positive Inotrope
Increases myocardial contractility, slow AV node
SE- arrhythmia, interacts with diuretics, gynaecomastia, visual changes (blurred/yellow green), N+V
Digifab for OD

41
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

A

Nitrate
Converted to nitric oxide, vasodilation
SE- don’t take with viagra

42
Q

Adenosine

A

Adenosine
Hyperpolarises conducting tissue, slows pacemaker activity through alpha-1 receptors. Blocks AV node.
Used in SVT
SE - bronchospasms in asthmatics and chest pain

43
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide
Inhibits NaCl at DCT
SE - hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, causes gout (hyperurecemia), hypercalcemia
Metolazone is a thiazide good for synergistic treatment of HNT with loop diuretics as it can be used in renal impairment

44
Q

Frusemide

A

Loop diuretic
Inhibits Na/Cl/K at ascending limb of Henle, strongest diuretic
SE: hypokalaemia, can cause gout, ototoxic

45
Q

Verapamil/Amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker - blocks L-type channels to reduce cardiac contractility
Verapamil/Diltiazem - centrally acting. SE: heart block if high doses/used w BB
Amlodipine - both central and peripheral. Dihydropyridine. SE: reflexive tachy, flushing and headache
CCB SE- don’t take w with heart failure or BB, constipation

46
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta blocker
Cardio selective, only B-1 receptors
BB SE- OH, erectile dysfunction
Contra: asthma

47
Q

Peridopril

A

ACE inhibitor
SE - hyperkalaemia, dry cough. Leading cause of drug induced angioedema
Ind: renal protective in DM.

48
Q

Irbesartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)

49
Q

Infliximab

A

TNF-alpha inhibitor (DMARD)

Suppression of cytokines

50
Q

Cyclosporin

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
Inhibits IL-2 production, thus inhibits T-cell maturation
Ind: main transplant chronic rejection drug
SE: nephrotoxic (constant monitoring)

51
Q

Spironolactone

A

Ka-sparing diuretic
aldosterone antagonist, inhibits Na/K antiporter ATPase pump in basolateral membrane (principal cells in DCT/collecting ducts)
SE: hyperkalaemia, gynaecomastia

52
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

used in urolithiasis for analgesia and anti-inflam

53
Q

Amiodarone

A

Anti-arrhythmic
Increases plateau phase of action potential, prolongs QT interval
Used in treatment of rhythm of AF, short term VT prophylaxis
SE: Bradycardia, Interstitial lung disease, Thyroid dysfunction, Corneal microdeposits, Hepatic fibrosis, skin photosensitivity

54
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 agonists

Used in heart failure and cardiogenic shock

55
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Folate antagonist abx
Often combined with sulfamethoxazole as Bacrim for UTI and bladder infections.
Contra: pregnancy. use nitrofurantoin instead
SE: chronic use = folate deficiency macrocytosis

56
Q

RIPE

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol - optic neuritis, red/green colour blindness
Pyrazinamide - gout

57
Q

Flecanide

A

Anti-arrhythmic
Used in AF for rhythm control
Contra: IHD or HNT. Do not use in atrial flutter (decreases atrial rate enough for rapid ventricular response through AV -> VT). Use BB or CCB first to block AV conduction.

58
Q

Sotolol

A

BB
Used as an anti-arrhythmic in AF
SE: can cause torsades de pointes, do not use in long-QT syndrome

59
Q

Dabigatran

A 
Direct thrombin (F2) inhibitor 
Only reversible NOAC. Stronger than others
60
Q

Apixaban

Rivaroxaban

A

Factor Xa inhibitor
No antidotes
Apixaban: shit one. Has renal adjusted doses although both are renally cleared
FFP to reverse

VIA (4 decks)

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