Year 1- Particles Flashcards
What are nucleons
Protons and neutrons (what makes up a nucleus)
what is an isotope
atoms with the same number of protons/electrons but different number of neutrons
what is an ion
they have unequal amount of protons and electrons
what is the specific charge equation
total charge/ total mass
how do you compare specific charge oof 2 nuclei
compare the proton number: mass number ratio of both of them
what are the 2 types of fundemental particles
quarks/ leptons
what are the 2 types of hadrons
baryons and mesons
what are baryons
made up of 3 quarks
what are mesons
made up of a quark and an anti quark
what can fundemental particles be described by
charge
baryon number
lepton number
strangeness
what are the 4 types of fundemental forces, what they’re typically involved in and if they have it, their exchange particle
electromagnetic (electric and magnetic fields) - gamma photon
gravitational (anything with a mass)
weak nuclear (beta decay/ decay of strange particles)- W+/-
Strong nuclear (nucleus/ production of strange particles)- Pion
strong nuclear is repulsive below 0.5fm, attractive between 0.5fm-3fm
quark composition of pions
neutral pion - uū
neutral pion - dď
positive pion - uď
negative pion - dū
quark composition of kaons
neutral kaon - sď
neutral kaon - dš
positive kaon - uš
negative kaon - sū
ionisation and distance of alpha radiation
strongly ionising
5cm through air/ paper
ionisation and distance of beta radiation
somewhat strong ionising
1m in air, few mm of aluminium
ionisation and distance of gamma radiaton
weakly ionising
few cm of lead, 1m concrete
what happens in electron capture
nucleus absorbs one of the inner shell electrons, so a proton turns into a neutron- releases an electron neutrino
what is always conserved in any interaction
charge
baryon number
lepton number
what is not always conserved in any interaction and how does it differ
strangeness is conserved, when strange particles are produced (using the strong force)
it is not conserved, when strange particles decay (using the weak force)
what 2 interactions have the same interaction, but different exchange particles
electron capture w+
electron- proton collision w-
what is the equation for neutron neutrino collision and what is the exchange particle
neutron + electron neutrino -> proton + electron
W-
