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HYMS Pharmacology > Year 1 Drugs List > Flashcards

Year 1 Drugs List Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • abolishes vagus mediated cardiac slowing
  • used to treat bradycardia
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2
Q

Bethamethasone

A
  • glucocorticoid receptor agonist

- reduced synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes

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3
Q

Digoxin

A
  • Inhibits Na/K ATPase
  • leads to intracellular sodium accumulation. More sodium is extruded by NCX
  • Increased Ca increases contractility
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4
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

- used in cardiac arrythmias and tensillon test

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5
Q

Ethanol

A
  • binds to AcHr, 5-HTr. GABAr and NMDAr

- dehydrating agent

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6
Q

Ethinylestradiol

A
  • synthetic estradiol
  • binds to oestrogen receptor
  • combined pill - prevents ovulation by supressing FSH release via negative feedback
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7
Q

Ketaconazole

A
  • broad spectrum antifungal

- causes increased fungal cellular permeability

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8
Q

Morphine

A
  • mu opioid agonist
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9
Q

Naloxone

A
  • opiate antagonist

- used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose

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10
Q

Rifampicin

A
  • broad spectrum antibiotic

- inhibits RNA polymerase therefore suppresses RNA synthesis and leads to cell death

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11
Q

Suxamethonium

A
  • nAcHr agonist
  • hydrolysed much slower than AcH, causing prolonged depolarisation and therefore desensitisation
  • muscle relaxant
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12
Q

Tamoxifen

A
  • selective oestrogen receptor modulator

- used to prevent breast cancer

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13
Q

Tubocuraine

A
  • nAcHr antagonist

- used as a muscle relaxant during surgery

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14
Q

Paracetamol

A
  • NSAID - COX inhibitor
  • lacks anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects but is a useful analgesic
  • does not have gastric ulcerative effects
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15
Q

Pyridostigmine

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor

- used to treat myasthenia gravis

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16
Q

Diamorphine

A

mu opioid agonist

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17
Q

Atenolol

A

selective beta 1 antagonist

reduces heart rate and CO as well as BP

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18
Q

Propranolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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19
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic

Inhibits sodium reabsorption by binding to Na/Cl co-transporter

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20
Q

Amiodarone

A

antiarrythmic agent

prolongs cardiac action potential (phase 3 - repolarisation)

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21
Q

Warfarin

A

vitamin K antagonist

anticoagulant

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22
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor

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23
Q

Verapamil

A

anti-arrhythmia agent

Inhibits Can channels causing a reduction in isotropy and chronotropy

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24
Q

Domperidone

A

antiemetic
D2/D3 antagonist
Acts on CTZ

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25
Q

metoclopramide

A

dopamine antagonist
antiemetic
acts on CTZ

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26
Q

Perphenazine

A

dopamine antagonist
acts on CTZ
antiemetic

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27
Q

Cyclizine

A

antihistamine

used to treat motion sickness

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28
Q

Promethiazine

A

H1 antagonist

used to treat motion sickness

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29
Q

Hycosine

A

anti-muscarinic

used to treat motion sickness

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30
Q

Ondansetron

Granisetron

A

5-HT3 antagonist

Inhibits the visceral afferent stimulation of the vomiting centre

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31
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

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32
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 antagonist

inhibits the promotion of stomach acid secretion by histamine

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33
Q

Magnesium Trisilicate

A

antacid

neutralises stomach acid

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34
Q

Misoprostol

A

prostaglandin mimetic

inhibits the production of stomach acid promoted by histamine

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35
Q

Amoxycillin

A

beta lactam antibiotic

helicobacter pylori

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36
Q

Clarythromycin

A

macrolide antibiotic

helicobacter pylori

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37
Q

Metronidazole

A

antibacterial and protazoal

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38
Q

Orlistat

A

inhibits lipase

TAG not broken down so can’t be absorbed

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39
Q

Statins

A

HMG-CoA inhibitors

prevent cholesterol synthesis

40
Q

Fibrates

A

promotes transcription of lipoprotein lipase therefore reducing VLDL and LDL levels and increasing HDL levels

41
Q

Hydroxybalamin

A

synthetic form of vitamin B12

42
Q

Ferrous Sulphate

A

iron supplementation therapy

43
Q

Folic Acid

A

member of vitamin B family
Used to treat megaloblastic anaemia
Required for purine synthesis and for erythropoiesis

44
Q

Azathioprine

A

antagonist of purine metabolism

used to treat auto-immune diseases and to prevent rejection in transplant recipients

45
Q

Ciclosporin

A

immunosuppressant

calcineurin inhibitor - prevents synthesis of IL-2

46
Q

Clopidogrel

A

antiplatelet
administered as prodrug
Active metabolite antagonises purine receptor

47
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant
low MW inhibits factor Xa
high MW inhibits factor Xa and thrombin

48
Q

Prednisolone

A

corticosteriod

reduces transcription of inflammatory proteins

49
Q

Chlorphrenamine

A

histamine receptor inverse agonist

relief of hayfever

50
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

glucocorticoid receptor agonist

Increase expression of lipocortins, which inhibit phospholipase A2 (which is required for arachidonic acid synthesis)

51
Q

Aldendronate

A

Bisphosponate

reduces osteoclast activity

52
Q

Calciferol

A

Vitamin D3

53
Q

Raloxifine

A

selective oestrogen receptor modulator
Has oestrogen like effects on bone and lipid metabolism but antagonises the effects of oestrogen on breast and uterine tissue

54
Q

Codeine

A

opioid receptor agonist

converted to morphine

55
Q

Pethidine

A

opioid receptor agonist

faster onset but shorter duration of action than morphine

56
Q

Lidocaine

A

local anaesthetic

sodium channel blocker

57
Q

Tramadol

A

centrally acting analgesic

58
Q

Dobutamine

A

beta 1 agonist

inotropic effects

59
Q

Isoprenaline

A

beta 2 agonist

bronchodialator

60
Q

Salbutamol

A

beta 2 agonist

long acting bronchodialator

61
Q

Salmeterol

A

beta 2 agonist

long acting bronchodialator

62
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

alpha receptor antagonist

used to treat hypertension

63
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

hypertension

64
Q

Muscarine

A

mimicks effects of AcH at mAcHr

65
Q

Pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist

used to treat glaucoma

66
Q

Cocaine

A

local anaesthetic - sodium channel blocker

vasoconstrictive properties - blocks NA reuptake in ANS

67
Q

Amphetamines

A

promotes the release of NA

68
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

depression and panic disorder

69
Q

Hemicholinium

A

choline reuptake inhibitor

myasthenia gravis

70
Q

Imipramine

A

tricyclic antidepressant

71
Q

Phenylzine

A

MAOI

72
Q

Diazepam

A

GABA allosteric agonist

73
Q

Zopiclone

A

non-benzo hypnotic

short term treatment of insomnia

74
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

used in treatment of dementia (prevents glutamate toxicity)

75
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

DA antagonist

antipsychotic

76
Q

Haloperidol

A

DA antagonist

antipsychotic

77
Q

Amitryptiline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

78
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

79
Q

Methylphenidate

A

NA/DA releaser
used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
Ritilin

80
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabiliser

81
Q

Busripone

A

partial 5-HT agonist

used to treat generalised anxiety

82
Q

Risperidone

A

atypical antipsychoitc

inhibits D2, 5-HT2, alpha and HI receptors

83
Q

Clozapine

A

atypical antipsychoitc
inhibits D2, 5-HT2, alpha, muscarinic and HI receptors
drug of last resort

84
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbituate

GABA Enhancer

85
Q

Mefanemic Acid

A

NSAID used to treat period pain

86
Q

Tranexamic Acid

A

antifibrinolytic drug
inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin
Plasmin degrades fibrin clots

87
Q

Mestranol

A

synthetic derivative of estradiol

88
Q

Estriol

A

an oestrogen
only produced in significant amounts in pregnancy
approved for the treatment of post-menopausal hot flashes

89
Q

Norethisterone

A

Progestin
more potent inhibitor of ovulation
used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

90
Q

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

A

progestin

contraceptive, HRT and treatment of endometrosis

91
Q

Desogestrel/Levonorgestrel

A

progestin in contraceptives

92
Q

Sildenafil

A

Phosphodiesterase V inhibitor

used to treat erectile dysfunction

93
Q

Goserelin

A

LH releasing hormone (GnRH) superagonist

can inhibit the growth of androgen-dependent prostate cancer

94
Q

Finasteride

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

95
Q

Bicalutamide

A

androgen receptor antagonist

prostate cancer

96
Q

Alprostadil

A

synthetic version of prostaglandin E1

relaxes smooth muscle of corpora cavernosa when administered by intracavernosal injection

97
Q

Nandrolone

A

Anabolic steroid

increases production and urinary excretion of erythropoietin

HYMS Pharmacology (2 decks)

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