Yakitty Yak, Don't Talk BACK Flashcards
What is inside the dorsal root ganglion?
Cell bodies of sensory (afferent) nerves. No synapses take place here.
What is the function of the ventral root of the spinal nerve?
Axons of motor (efferent) neurons, send impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal muscle
What is the function of the dorsal root of the spinal nerve?
Axons of sensory (afferent) neurons, receive signals from the body and go directly to the CNS.
Where is CSF located and what is its function?
CSF is located in the subarachnoid space (inside the arachnoid and outside of the pia mater)
It bathes the spinal cord and brain and acts as a “shock absorber” and maintains the CNS in a constant pressure environment.
What must you pass through (in order) to get to the CSF?
Skin, superficial fascia, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura, subdural space, and arachnoid.
What two branches does the spinal cord almost immediately split into?
Dorsal rami
Ventral rami
Where in the body does the dorsal rami supply its motor and sensory fibers?
Bones, muscles, joints, and skin of the posterior neck and trunk.
Where in the body does the ventral rami supply its motor and sensory fibers?
Bones, muscles, joints, and skin of the anterior thoracic, abdominal walls, and extremities.
Ventral rami of which vertebrae form plexuses?
Cervical, lumbar, and sacral.
What is the origin of the trapezius?
Occipital bone Spinous processes (C7-T12, lowest cervical to lowest thoracic)
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracolumbar fascia, spines of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-5)
Sacrum, at the iliac crest
Rib pairs 9-12
What is the action of the upper fibers of the trapezius? (Acting with the levator scapula)
Elevation of the scapula
What is the action of the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle? (Acting with the rhomboids)
Retraction of the scapula
What is the action of the inferior fibers of the trapezius? (Acting with the pectoralis minor)
Depression of the scapula
What is the innervation of the trapezius?
Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory nerve)
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
What are the three actions of the deltoid muscle and which fibers perform that action?
Abduction (all fibers)
Flexion (anterior fibers)
Extension (posterior fibers)
What is the action of all of the fibers of the trapezius?
Upward rotation of the scapula when raising the arm above the head
What is the innervation and action of the rhomboids?
Innervation-dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Action-retraction of the scapula
What is the innervation and action of the levator scapulae?
Innervation-dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and the upper fibers by the ventral rami of C3-C4
Action-elevation of the scapula
What is the innervation and action of the deltoid?
Innervation-axillary nerve
Action-Abduction above 15 degrees to 90 degrees
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the teres major?
Proximal attachment-posterior portion of the scapula at an inferior angle
Distal attachment-intertubercular groove of the humerus
What is the innervation and action of the teres major?
Innervation-Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
Action-medial rotation and arm extension (weak)
What three things define the triangular space?
Teres Minor, Teres Major, and Long Head of Triceps
What can you find if you look in the triangular space (but doesn’t directly pass through it)
The circumflex scapular artery
What four things define the quadrangular space?
Teres Minor, Teres Major, Long Head of Triceps, and the Humerus
What are found passing through the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve
What is found in the triangular interval?
Profunda (deep) brachial artery
Radial nerve
What three things define the triangular interval?
Teres Major, Long Head of Triceps, and the Humerus
