Y9 Test 2 - World Development

Question 1

What is world development?

Answer 1

World development is the process of growth. It is the process by which a country achieves sustained progress over a long period of time in terms of economic, social, political and sustainable change.

Question 2

What does ‘GNI per capita refer’ to?

Answer 2

GNI per capita is the dollar ($) value of a country’s final income in a year, divided by it’s population. ie; It is the total income of a country at the end of the year divided by the total amount of people who live there.

Question 3

What is a LIC?

Answer 3

LIC stands for low income country/countries. These are countries with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less. Examples of such countries are Chad and Ethiopia.

Question 4

What is a MIC?

Answer 4

MICs are newly emerging countries, also known as middle income countries. These are countries with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,695. Examples of such countries are Mexico and Iraq.

Question 5

What is an HIC?

Answer 5

HIC stands for high income country. High income countries have a GNI per capita higher than $12,746, and examples of these countries are the United States of America and Germany.

Question 6

What are the main ways used to measure development?

Answer 6

Birth rate
Mortality/death rate
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
GDP (gross domestic product) per capita
Literacy rate

Question 7

What is a birth rate?

Answer 7

Birth rate - the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. Countries with high birth rates tend to be less developed, as they may have less access to contraception and abortion.

Question 8

What is the mortality/death rate?

Answer 8

Mortality/death rate - the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Countries with low death rates tend to be more developed, as they may have more access to healthcare and medicine. Other factors could be clean water, conflict in the country or neighbouring countries, famine and drought.

Question 9

What is meant by life expectancy?

Answer 9

Life expectancy - the average number of years a person born in a particular country may be expected to live.

Question 10

What is an infant mortality rate?

Answer 10

Infant mortality rate - the number of deaths of infants under 1 year old, per 1,000 live births.

Question 11

What is the GDP (gross domestic product) per capita?

Answer 11

GDP per capita - the total value of goods and services produced/provided by a country in a year, per person. (The total value of goods and services divided by the total population.)

Question 12

What is a literacy rate?

Answer 12

Literacy rate - the percentage of people (over the age of 15) who can read and write.

Question 13

What is the HD (human development index)?

Answer 13

The human development index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, educational attainment and per capita income indicators (eg. GDP per capita.)
This is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The higher the factors, the higher the HDI, which is from 0 to 1. Norway has the highest, with an HDI of 0.957, and Niger is the lowest, with an HDI of 0.394.

Question 14

What are some ways to overcome the development gap?

Answer 14

Targeted support
Inequal taxes 
Education
Commerce and industrialisation in LICs
Debt relief
Tourism
Transnational corporations
Providing aid, such as charities and NGOs

Question 15

What is an NGO?

Answer 15

NGO - stands for a non-governmental organisation.

Question 16

What is intermediate technology?

Answer 16

Intermediate technology is technology and materials that can be used by a specific group of people without requiring additional training. Local expertise and skills are used, as well as local materials to solve problems within a community. It is affordable, and does not need any maintaining. It is also sustainable and doesn’t damage the environment.

Question 17

Some factors of intermediate technology:

Answer 17

Something that a specific community actually needs
Labour intensive and creates employment for locals
Uses the tools and the knowledge of the community
Works in harmony with the local environment
Uses sustainable technology, and lasts long term without damaging the environment
Affordable, involving low costs and maintenance

Question 18

How could intermediate technology reduce the development gap?

Answer 18

Provides locals with work which whill boost the economy

People are taught new skills that they could share with others

Question 19

Oxfam’s goat project:

Answer 19

Oxfam raises money to send goats to rural villages, which can breed to provide milk and meat, which provides food and a trading resource/way to earn money.

Question 20

What is the Brechtland definition (1987) of sustainable development?

Answer 20

‘Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of our people without compromising future generations and their needs.’

Question 21

What are some positive affects of the fashion industry?

Answer 21

Provides lots of work for people in LICs, including in farms and textiles (the actual making of clothes.)
Largest labour dependent industry in the world; 1 in 6 people work in the global fashion industry.
It’s a global industry, so there is most likely always work to be found.
Safer jobs are provided than in other places, such as mines.

Question 22

What are some negative effects of the fashion industry, in terms of helping countries to develop?

Answer 22

Fast fashion brands pay low wages to workers in other countries, which means they constantly earn less money than MICs or HICs.
Competition in the fashion industry - labourers rely on businesses and companies for work, which leads to the exploitation of impoverished areas.
GMO crops - genetically modified crops.
HICs and companies in those areas take advantage of LICs, especially with BT cotton.
When buildings collapse - expensive to rebuild in comparison to profit of the workers.

Question 23

BT cotton - Monsanto:

Answer 23

Pest resistent cotton;
Advertising and propoganda;
Monsanto is the only company to own this seed, meaning it is the only one to sell it and make a profit off of it.
It’s very expensive, especially for poorer farmers.
Punjab region is the largest user of pesticides in India.
70-80 children in every village are mentally and physically handicapped due to toxicity from fertilisers.
250,000+ RECORDED farmer suicides in the past 16 years alone.

Question 24

What factors affect development?

Answer 24

Physical factors - climate, natural hazards, landlocked countries, natural resources
Historic causes - colonialism, political factors
Economic factors - based around the economy of a country; who controls world trade, what type of produce is made, debt to other countries.