Y9 Milestone Test Flashcards
How did selective breeding contribute to the agricultural revolution?
Farmers realised animals could be bred together in order to reproduce offspring that had desirable traits. Larger animals led to larger profits and larger supply of food. Larger supply of food led to more people to work.
How did four course crop rotation contribute to the agricultural revolution?
Every couple of years farmers would use turnips on fallow fields in order to revitalise the soil, so the soil isn’t stripped from its nutrients. This then increased food production.
How did farming equipment contribute to the agricultural revolution?
Machines were designed to replaced human labour and made farming more efficient, but caused many people to lose their jobs.
How did sharing improved farming practices contribute to the agricultural revolution?
Books and festivals were a way of spreading ideas and educating farmers on new practices. For example, wealthy landowners would increase the value of their farms through good practice and other farmers would try and imitate them. This spread of knowledge and information allowed all of England’s farmers to thrive and build a better economy and led to the drastic increase in population of the country.
Why was enclosure bad?
This led to wealthy farmers buying up large sections of land in order to create larger and more complex farms. Ultimately, this forced smaller farmers off of their land. Having lost their way of life, many of these farmers went to local towns and cities in search of work.
What similar experiences did women and children share? (IR)
- They both received low wages, so employers paid less by employing women and children
What similar experiences did women and men share? (IR)
- Men and women were able to run businesses and sell products
What similar experiences did women, men and children share? (IR)
- Harsh working conditions
- Rural to urban migration increased amongst families in order to find jobs in coal mines and factories
What were the harsh working conditions in factories?
- Long working hours (10-12 hours)
- Machines lacked safety covers and fences - this lead to deadly accidents
- Iron workers worked in temperatures 130 degrees celcius and above.
- Cruel punishments such as slapping or kicking were used to discipline child workers
- Dusty air led to chest and lung diseases.
- Loud noise from the machines damaged hearing.
How were the experiences of women different from others’?
- Women and young girls worked in domestic service
- Women worked during pregnancy
- Dressmaking and needlework and teaching jobs were seen as respectable and natural professions for women
How were the experiences of men different from others’?
- Men were able to receive higher social status and reputation from business making
- Men were paid higher wages
How were the experiences of children different from others’?
- Children were cruelly punished
What were the 5 inventions that changed manufacturing during the industrial revolution?
The flying shuttle - Loom weaving
The spinning jenny - Spun cotton thread
The water frame - Produced strong threads
Spinning mule - Produced yarn which can be used in all kinds of textiles
The power loom
How did WW1 lead to the downfall of the tsar?
Recurring defeats in battle
Death of many soldiers
Low troop moral
Food shortages which led to strikes/riots
What was serfdom?
Fuedal system of peasants
