Y8 Flashcards
What is the purpose of respiration?
To release energy from food
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Where in the cell does respiration happen?
Mitochondria
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
What waste product is made during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Lactic acid
What is the effect of exercise on breathing rate?
Increases to supply more oxygen
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen; anaerobic does not
What is a property of a solid?
Fixed shape and volume
What is a property of a liquid?
Fixed volume but takes the shape of its container
What is the property of a gas?
No fixed shape or volume
What type of change is melting?
Physical change
What is an example of a chemical change?
Burning
What is filtration used for?
Separating insoluble solids from liquids
What is distillation used for?
Separating liquids based on boiling points
What is a force?
A push or pull on an object
What is the unit of force?
Newton (N)
What is friction?
force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another
What is air resistance?
A type of friction acting on objects moving through air
What is elastic force?
Force in stretched or compressed objects
What happens when balanced forces act on an object?
No change in motion
What is an ecosystem?
A community of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment
What is a producer in an ecosystem?
An organism that makes its own food
What is a consumer?
An organism that eats other organisms
What is a decomposer?
An organism that breaks down dead material
What does a food web show?
Feeding relationships between organisms
What is biodiversity?
The variety of living organisms in an area
What cycle describes water movement through the environment?
Water cycle
What is evaporation?
Liquid water changing into gas
What is condensation?
Gas turning into liquid
What is precipitation?
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling to Earth
What is the main greenhouse gas from human activities?
Carbon dioxide
What is the carbon cycle?
The movement of carbon through living organisms and the atmosphere/environment
What is reflection of light?
Bouncing of light off a surface
What is refraction of light?
Bending of light when it passes between materials
What type of mirror curves outward?
Convex mirror
What type of mirror curves inward?
Concave mirror
What does a convex lens do to light rays?
Brings them together (converges)
What does a concave lens do to light rays?
Spreads them apart (diverges)
What is a galaxy?
A system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
What is the name of our galaxy?
The Milky Way
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
Spiral galaxy
What is the center of a galaxy called?
Galactic core
What are stars mostly made of?
Hydrogen and helium
What are the main food groups needed for a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, water
What is the function of protein in the body?
Growth and repair
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy
What is malnutrition?
Lack of proper nutrition
Why is fiber important in the diet?
Helps with digestion
What is obesity?
Excessive body fat that may impair health
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs heat
What is combustion?
A chemical reaction with oxygen that releases heat and light
What gas is needed for combustion?
Oxygen
What happens during a thermal decomposition reaction?
A substance breaks down when heated
What is magnetism?
A force that attracts certain materials like iron
What are magnetic materials?
Iron, cobalt, nickel
What are the two poles of a magnet?
North pole and south pole
What happens when two like poles are brought close together?
They repel
What happens when opposite poles are brought close together?
They attract
