Y9 Flashcards
What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
In the chloroplasts
What is the main product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
What is the by-product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What gas is taken in during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
It absorbs light energy
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
What process in animals and plants adds carbon dioxide to the air?
Respiration
What process removes carbon dioxide from the air?
Photosynthesis
Name two human activities that increase carbon dioxide levels.
Combustion and deforestation
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Elements have one type of atom; compounds have two or more chemically combined
What is a mixture?
Two or more substances not chemically combined
What method is used to separate soluble solids from liquids?
Evaporation
Which method separates substances based on boiling points?
Distillation
What is the name of the technique used to separate ink colours?
Chromatography
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What is the particle arrangement in a solid?
Tightly packed in fixed positions
What causes a substance to change state?
Adding or removing heat
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a high to low concentration
What is force measured in?
Newtons (N)
What device is used to measure force?
A newton meter
What is gravity?
A force that pulls objects towards the Earth
What causes friction?
Contact between surfaces
What is air resistance?
A type of friction acting against objects moving in air
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter; weight is the force of gravity on it
What is energy measured in?
Joules (J)
What is the energy in moving objects called?
Kinetic energy
What energy is stored in raised objects?
Gravitational potential energy
What is thermal energy?
Energy stored in warm or hot objects
What is respiration?
A process that releases energy from glucose
Where does respiration happen in cells?
Mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
What is the function of the lungs?
To exchange gases between air and blood
What happens to your breathing during exercise?
It becomes faster and deeper
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen
What is the role of white blood cells?
To fight infections
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood around the body
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What type of blood vessel allows exchange of gases and nutrients?
Capillary
What is the reactivity series?
A list of metals ranked by how reactive they are
Which metals react quickly with acids?
Reactive metals like magnesium or zinc
What gas is produced when metals react with acid?
Hydrogen
How can you test for hydrogen gas?
With a lit splint – it makes a squeaky pop
What is displacement in chemistry?
A more reactive metal replaces a less reactive one from its compound
Why is gold found as a pure metal in nature?
Because it is very unreactive
What is corrosion?
The breakdown of metals due to chemical reactions
What is rusting?
The corrosion of iron
How can rusting be prevented?
Painting, oiling, or galvanising
What is the product when iron reacts with oxygen and water?
Iron oxide (rust)
