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Eddy Yr 13 A2 24/25 > Y13 Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Y13 Organic Reactions Flashcards

Cards to help you memorise the reaction map

1
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alkane into carbon dioxide and water

A

Complete combustion
Excess oxygen (O2)
Heat and Spark

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2
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a haloalkane from an alkane

A

Reagent: Cl2, Br2
Condition: UV light

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3
Q

State the mechanism needed to make a haloalkane from an alkane

A

Radical Substitution

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4
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a haloalkane from an alkene

A

Reagent: HCl, HBr
Condition: Room temperature and shake

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5
Q

State the mechanism needed to make a haloalkane from an alkene

A

Electrophilic Addition

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6
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alkene from a haloalkane

A

Reagent: NaOH/KOH
Condition: Ethanolic (reflux)

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7
Q

State the mechanism needed to make an alkene from a haloalkane

A

Elimination

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8
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alkene from an alcohol

A

Reagent: Sulfuric Acid
Condition: hot concentrated

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9
Q

State the mechanism needed to make an alkene from an alcohol

A

Elimination

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10
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alcohol from a alkene in a single step

A

Reagent: Steam
Condition: Concentrated phosphoric acid

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11
Q

State the mechanism needed to make an alcohol from a alkene in a single step

A

Electrophilic Addition

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12
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alcohol by fermentation

A

Reagent: Glucose
Condition: Yeast, Anaerobic (no oxygen)

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13
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alcohol from a alkene in two steps

A

Reagent 1: Sulfuric Acid
Reagent 2: Water

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14
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alkyl hydrogen sulfate from a alkene

A

Reagent: Sulfuric Acid
Condition: None

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15
Q

State the mechanism needed to make an alkyl hydrogen sulfate from a alkene

A

Electrophilic Addition

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16
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alcohol from a alkyl hydrogen sulfate

A

Reagent: Water
Condition: None

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17
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a dihaloalkane from an alkene

A

Reagent: Cl2, Br2
Condition: Room temperature and shake

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18
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a nitrile from a haloalkane

A

Reagent: KCN
Condition: Aqueous and ethanolic

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19
Q

State the mechanism needed to make a nitrile from a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic Substitution

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20
Q

What is observed when an alkene is added to bromine water

A

The solution turnes from orange to colourless

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21
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

Reagent: NaOH/KOH
Condition: Aqueous (heat under reflux)

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22
Q

State the mechanism needed to make an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic Substitution

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23
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a quaternary ammonium salt from a haloalkane

A

Reagent: NH3
Condition: Excess haloalkane
(ethanolic, heat and pressure)

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24
Q

State the reagents and conditions needed to make a primary amine from a haloalkane in one step

A

Reagent: NH3
Condition: Excess
(ethanol, heat and pressure)

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25
State the mechanism needed to make a **primary amine** from a **haloalkane** in one step
Nucleophilic Substitution
26
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **primary amine** from a **nitrile**
Reagent: Hydrogen Condition: Nickel catalyst
27
State the type of reaction needed to make a **primary amine** from a **nitrile**
Reduction
28
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **primary amine** from a **haloalkane** in *two* steps
**First ** Reagent: KCN Condition: Aqueous and Ethanolic **Second** Reagent: Hydrogen Condition: Nickel Catalyst
29
What are quaternary ammonium salts used for?
Cationic surfactants (hair conditioner)
30
What are methyl esters used for?
Biodiesel
31
What are salts of long chain fatty acids used for?
Soap
32
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **aldehyde** from an **alcohol**
Reagent: Primary alcohol and Acidified Potassium Dichromate (H2SO4/K2Cr2O7) Condition: Distillation
33
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **alcohol** from an **aldehyde**
Reagent: NaBH4 Condition: Acidic Solvent
34
State the type of reaction needed to make an **alcohol** from an **aldehyde**
Reduction
35
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **hydroxy nitrile** from an **aldehyde**
Reagent: KCN Condition: (Aqueous and ethanolic) followed by dilute acid
36
State the mechanism needed to make a **hydroxy nitrile** from an **aldehyde**
Nucleophilic Addition
37
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **hydroxy nitrile** from a **ketone**
Reagent: KCN Condition: (Aqueous and ethanolic) followed by dilute acid
38
State the mechanism needed to make an **hydroxy nitrile** from a **ketone**
Nucleophilic Addition
39
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **ketone** from an **alcohol**
Reagent: Secondary alcohol and Acidified Potassium Dichromate (H2SO4/K2Cr2O7) Condition: Reflux
40
State the type of reaction needed to make a **ketone** from an **alcohol**
Oxidation
41
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **carboxylic acid** from an **alcohol**
Reagent: Primary alcohol with excess Acidified Potassium Dichromate (H2SO4/K2Cr2O7) Condition: Reflux
42
State the type of reaction needed to make a **carboxylic acid** from an **alcohol**
Oxidation
43
State the reagents and conditions needed to make a **carboxylic acid** from an **aldehyde**
Reagent: Acidified Potassium Dichromate (H2SO4/K2Cr2O7) Condition: Reflux
44
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **ester** from a **carboxylic acid**
Reagent: Alcohol Condition: Conc Sulfuric Acid Water is produced
45
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **ester** from an **acyl chloride**
Reagent: Alcohol Condition: None - violent reaction Toxic HCl produced
46
State the reagents and conditions needed to make an **ester** from an **acid anhydride**
Reagent: Alcohol Condition: Dry Carboxylic acid produced
47
State the reagents and conditions needed to hydrolyse an **ester** to form the **salt of a carboxylic acid**
Reagent: NaOH Condition: Aqueous and Reflux
48
State the reagents and conditions needed to hydrolyse an **ester** to form a **carboxylic acid**
Reagent: HCl Condition: Aqueous and Reflux
49
What is observed when an alcohol is oxidised using acidified potassium dichromate?
The solution will change from **orange** (K2Cr2O7) to **green** (Cr3+)
50
Name the types of molecules that can in oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate.
Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Aldehyde
51
State how an aldehyde can be distguished from a ketone
Reagent: Tollen's reagent Observation: Aldehyde - Silver Mirror Ketone - NVC
52
Name the three different functional groups that will react with an alcohol to form an ester.
Carboxylic Acid (COOH) Acyl Chloride (COCl) Acid Anhydride (COOCO)
53
Give a common use for esters
Perfumes Food flavourings Plasticisers Solvents
54
Name the four types of compound that react with an acyl chloride via nucleophilic addition-elimination. | The stick man mechanism
Water Ammonia Alcohol Amine
55
Name the mechanism when an acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol
Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination | The stick man mechanism
56
What is the main product of a reaction between and acyl chloride and water?
A Carboxylic Acid
57
What is the main product of a reaction between and acyl chloride and ammonia?
An Amide | CONH2
58
What is the main product of a reaction between and acyl chloride and an alcohol?
An Ester
59
What is the main product of a reaction between and acyl chloride and an amine?
An N-Substituted Amide
60
What is the mechanism of a reaction between and acyl chloride and an amine?
Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
61
What is observed when an acyl chloride reacts by nucleophilic addition-elimination?
Misty/Steamy fumes (of HCl)
62
State why benzene is more stable than expected
Benzene has a pi ring of **delocalised electrons**
63
State the reagents and conditions needed to make acylbenzene from benzene | eg C6H5CHO
Reagent: Acyl chloride Conditions: AlCl3
64
State the reagents and conditions needed to make nitrobenzene from benzene
Reagent: Conc Nitric Acid Conditions: Conc Sulfuric Acid
65
State the type of reaction needed to turn nitrobenzene into phenyl amine
Reduction
66
State the reagents and conditions needed to reduce nitrobenzene to phenyl amine
Reagent: Tin (Sn) Conditions: Conc HCl
67
Which mechanism does benzene undergo?
Electrophilic Substitution
68
How do you know benzene has undergone electrophilic substition?
A species has been directly added to the ring replacing a hydrogen.
69
Name the alcohol molecule that reacts with fatty acids to form triglycerides.
Propane-1,2,3-triol
70
How is soap produced?
From the alkaline hydrolysis of vegatable oil and animal fats (triglycerides) Propane-1,2,3-triol is also produced in the reaction
71
How is biodiesel made?
From the reaction of vegatable oil with methanol in the presence of NaOH that acts as a catalyst.

Eddy Yr 13 A2 24/25 (12 decks)

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