Y12 Context

Question 1

When did Edward the Black Prince die and when did Edward III die?

Answer 1

Edward Black Prince: 1376

Edward III: 1377

Question 2

Who took over the throne after Edward and what relation was he to him?

Answer 2

Richard II, his grandson.

Question 3

Who was annoyed by Richard II’s ascension to the throne?

Answer 3

The other sons of Edward III (Richard’s uncles) as they believed they should have inherited the throne before him as he was a child.

Question 4

When was the throne seized from Richard III and by who?

Answer 4

1399 by Henry Bolingbroke, his cousin.

Question 5

What is ‘bastard feudalism’?

Answer 5

The idea of someone owing loyalty to a a lord because they were paid to be loyal rather than being given land to farm or a house like traditionally (it’s quite like private armies).

Question 6

How many men were part of the Church by 1450?

Answer 6

45,000

Question 7

Who were the two biggest landowners in 1450?

Answer 7

The crown followed by the church.

Question 8

What was the ‘Great Chain of Being’?

Answer 8

Part of the Church Doctrine - people were told in sermons and church services that they were born into a certain part of society for a reason and they were not to try and elevate themselves to other parts of society.

Question 9

Why were people told about the ‘Great Chain of Being’?

Answer 9

To stop people from trying to rebel or overthrowing the monarch.

Question 10

Name the 3 sections of society in 1450 in the order of their importance.

Answer 10

1) The Nobles and the Gentry (politically and economically elite)
2) Artisans (people in skilled jobs like lawyers/craftsmen)
3) Peasants/the commons

Question 11

What percentage of the population were nobles in 1450?

Answer 11

3%

Question 12

What percentage of the land in the country did the nobles own in 1450?

Answer 12

95%

Question 13

How many people relied on agriculture in 1450?

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

How many people worked in the cloth trade in 1450?

Answer 14

35,000

Question 15

Who was England’s biggest trading partner in 1450?

Answer 15

Burgundy

Question 16

What was England’s biggest export in 1450?

Answer 16

Wool

Question 17

What was the Hanseatic League?

Answer 17

A German trading organisation set up to protect their own businesses. They did a lot of trade with England and the Low Countries (Netherlands).

Question 18

When did the Hanseatic League start a trade embargo on cloth exports with England?

Answer 18

1449

Question 19

When did Edward IV negotiate a peace treaty with the Hanseatic League (and why did he think this would be a problem)?

Answer 19

1474 - it could have been a problem as Warwick had attacked Hanse ships during his piracy.

Question 20

Who was responsible for the running of the government and the Kingdom in 1450?

Answer 20

The King himself (it was a personal monarchy).

Question 21

What was the job of Parliament?

Answer 21

To offer advice to the government and to pass laws.

Question 22

Who was Parliament made up of?

Answer 22

Privileged people from all over England.

Question 23

Name some of the departments of state which made up central government.

Answer 23

• Court of Chancery (law)

- Court of the Exchequer (finance)

Question 24

How was law and order enforced in 1450?

Answer 24

The King relied on nobles to control the commons, and there was the reinforcement of the Church Doctrine which told people if they sinned they would go to hell.

Question 25

What did Philip of Burgundy do in 1434 and 1435?

Answer 25

Broke his alliance with England in 1434 and then signed the Treaty of Arras with Charles VII of France (September 1435).

Question 26

What were the dates of the Hundred Years War?

Answer 26

1338-1435