Y11 PPE 2 Revision Flashcards by Alan Dodds

What is a system diagram?

A diagram that breaks down an operation into three main component parts: input, process and output.

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What are examples of inputs?

Sensors - eyes and ears

Pressing a button

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What does an input do?

Produces an electronic signal which goes to the process.

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What does a process do?

Controls the output.

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What are examples of outputs?

Light, motion, sound.

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Describe the system diagram of a street light sensor.

Input Process Output ——-> ——-> ——->
Light sensor Switching Light

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Define ‘analyse’

To overview and see the features of a product.

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Define ‘evaluate’

Positives/negatives with a conclusion.

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Define ‘aesthetics’

How the product looks.

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What are user needs and wants?

Needs are must and wants are desirables.

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What are innovative improvements?

Interesting, original improvements.

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What is iterative design?

Re-thinking your design, feedback, design again.

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What are anthropometrics?

Measurements of human body.

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What are ergonomics?

Traits that make the product comfortable to use.

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Describe layout paper.

. Lightweight, thin white paper
. Used for initial ideas
. Smooth
. Cheap
. 50gsm

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Describe tracing paper.

. Thin, translucent paper
. Makes copies of drawings
. High cost
. Strong
. 40gsm

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Describe cartridge paper.

. Good quality white paper
. Available in different weights
. General purpose work (Sketching, painting)
. Medium cost

Describe bleedproof paper.

(Does not absorb ink)

. Smooth, hard paper
. Used with water based and spirit based felt-tip pens.
. Medium cost

Describe grid paper.

. Printed square and isometric grids in different sizes
. A guide for quick sketches and working drawings.
. Low cost

What environmental factors do you consider when selecting materials and components?

Recyclable or re-used materials, product mileage.

What cultural factors do you consider when selecting materials and components?

If the materials/components are sensitive to cultural influences.

What ethical factors do you consider when selecting materials and components?

Purchased from ethical sources such as FSC.

How can wood fibres in paper/card or boards be broken down?

The fibres are either broken down mechanically (by force) or chemically (by adding chemicals).

Why can paper and card only be recycled 5 times?

Because each time the paper and card are recycled the fibres become shorter and weaker.

What are some affects of deforestation?

. Biodiversity is reduced . Carbon is released into the atmosphere . Wild animals lose habitats.

What colours are a image made up of in offset lithography?

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black. CMYK

Describe the process of offset lithographic painting.

The artwork is separated into four colours and exposed onto a plate. Each plate is coated with one colour. The image is rolled (offset) onto a cylinder. Paper is then fed through the press to receive an impression. As each colour is rolled, they mix to create the final image.

What is a plate in offset lithography?

A photosensive aluminium sheet.

Why must each colour overlap perfectly in offset lithography?

Because if they are mis-aligned, the image or text will be fuzzy.

What are crop marks?

Thin lines placed at the corner of an image to show the printer where to trim the paper after printing.

What are registration marks used for?

To check prints are properly aligned.

What do colour bars help with?

Checking if all print characteristics are correct, such as ink intensity and colour accuracy. Also help to spot errors like overprinting.

What is tolerance?

The acceptable difference between the upper and lower given size.

What is RGB?

A colour mode associated with computers, cameras and televisions and offers the widest selection of colours.

What is CMYK used for?

Commercial printing.

What does not mix in offset lithography?

Oil and water.

What are the uses for offset lithography?

Newspapers, magazines, menus. It is cost effective on long runs.

What are advantages of offset lithography?

High quality images, cost effective, quick printing speeds, widely available.

What are disadvantages of offset lithography?

Paper can stretch due to water, not cost effective on short runs, can only be done on flat materials, colours can be inconsistent in density.

Describe finishes used on paper and boards.

Laminated with polymer to make it water resistant and wipe clean, durable and glossy, more aesthetically pleasing.

Just read over these environmental facts for paper and boards

Relatively low impact. Although deforestation is needed. FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) sustainably managed resources. Made from cellulose fibres - wood (usually soft wood), rags and grasses. Sustainable, renewable materials. Less impact than polymers/plastic. Most papers and boards are at least partly recycled. Can be recycled up to 5 times. Causes water pollution. Fibres become shorter and weaker after recycling.