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Y1 Periodicity (I) Flashcards

1
Q

How does the melting point of group 2 change down the group?

A

Melting point decreases down the group
- same charge
- atoms are much larger
- specific charge is smaller as charge is more diluted
- so less energy to break bonds

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2
Q

How does the pH of group 2 hydroxides change down the group?

A

pH increases down the group
- down group 2 atoms become larger
- more OH- ions per size ratio at the top of the group
- top ofthe group are better reductants

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3
Q

Group 2 hydroxides, which are better reductants?

A

Top of the group

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4
Q

Where is atomic radius the greatest?

A

bottom left of the periodic table
- (across) less protons, less nuclear charge
- (down) more shielding, outermost electron is further from the nucleus

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5
Q

Where is ionisation energy the greatest?

A

top right of the periodic table

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6
Q

Where is electronegativity the greatest?

A

top right of the periodic table

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7
Q

Reactivity of group two down the group?

A

Increases

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8
Q

Mg + steam

A

product: MgO + H2
instead of Mg(OH)2 +H2
reacts more vigorously with steam

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9
Q

Where are group 2 hydroxides more soluble?

A

Bottom of the group

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10
Q

Where are group 2 sulfates more soluble?

A

Top of the group

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11
Q

sulfate ion test explained

A

-add BaCl2 or Ba(NO)3 aqueous
- will form a white ppt when BaSO4(s) is formed
-Problem if CO3(2-) ions are present as will form also white BaCO3(s)
-either test for carbonates with dilute nitric acid (bubble through limewater will turn limewater cloudy) or add HCl to remove with effervescence

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12
Q

Sulfate ion test

A
  • Add HCl to remove and carbonate (CO3(2-)) or sulfite (SO2(2-))impurities
    -Add barium chloride solution
  • positive test if white ppt formed
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13
Q

Cabonate ion test

A

-Add HCl (or any acid)
- effervesence produced
- bubble through limewater
-positive result if limewater turns cloudy

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14
Q

Carbonate ion + acid

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

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15
Q

Halide ion test

A
  • Add nitric acid to remove and carbonate (CO3(2-)) or sulfite (SO2(2-))impurities
    -Add silver nitrate
    silver chloride - white ppt
    silver bromide - cream ppt
    silver iodide - yellow ppt
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16
Q

Silver nitrate test, tests for?

A

Halide ions

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17
Q

Barium chloride test, tests for?

A

Sulfates

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18
Q

Milk of magnesia is?

A

-Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
-Helps in digestion as it contains a suspension of the insoluble hydroxide (hence harmless)
-Neutralises the stomache acid and helps indigestion

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19
Q

What do you neutralise acidic soils with?

A

-Calcium hydroxide
-Ca(OH)2 + 2(H+) –> 2H20 + Ca(2+)
-H+ is acid

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20
Q

How do you neutralise flue gases?

A
  • Have CaO or CaCO3 filter beds in the flue columns
  • SO2 + CaO –> CaSO3 (IV)
  • SO2 + CaCO3 –> CaSO3 + CO2
    -the two compounds are known as lime and limestone
  • a slurry is a mixture of lime limestone and water
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21
Q

How would you describe group 2 elements?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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22
Q

kwjssn

A
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23
Q

what is calcium hydroxide known as?

A

slaked lime

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24
Q

The group two elements

A

beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

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25
What is a barium meal?
-Used in medicine -a patient will swallow a cup of barium sulfate (s) - the compund is opaque to xrays and so a structure of the persons digestive system will be able to be produced.
26
Along period 3 atomic radius...
Decreases -increases proton number -greater specific charge -same shielding and distance from outer electron
27
Along period 3 electronegativity...
Inreases -smaller radius -atom has a stronger specific charge (to attract a lone pair of electrons in a covalent bond)
28
trend in ionisation energy along period 3
Increases -as atomic radius decreases
29
Melting point of period 3 elements
Silicon the greatest, Argon the lowest
30
sodium flame test
bright yellow flame
31
Magnesium flame test
bright white light
32
Aluminium flame test
glowing bright white light - oxide layer formed needs to be removed with NaOH to form aluminate Al(OH)4(-)
33
Silicon flame test
slow burn, orange glow
34
Phosphorous flame test
burns vigorously with pinkish white flame
35
sulfur flame test
Blue/ lilac flame
36
1) Chloride, silver nitrate test 2) add dilute ammonia 3) add conc. ammonia
1) white ppt (AgCl) 2) ppt redissolves 3) ppt redissolves
37
1) bromide, silver nitrate test 2) add dilute ammonia 3) add conc. ammonia
1) cream ppt (AgBr) 2) no change 3) ppt redissolves
38
1) iodide, silver nitrate test 2) add dilute ammonia 3) add conc. ammonia
1) yellow ppt (AgI) 2) no change 3) no change
39
calcium flame test
brick red flame
40
strontium flame test
red flame
41
barium flame test
pale green flame
42
copper flame test
green flame
43
test for ammonium ions (ammonia gas)
- ammonia is a base - will turn red litmus paper blue (want to produce ammonia gas faster? add NaOH)
44
Group 3 oxides trend in melting point
MgO (Giant ionic lattice greatest charge) greatest, SO2/SO3 (simple covalent molecule) is the lowest
45
In all flame tests what else is produced
white solid + smoky white fumes
46
Titanium extraction by sodium
- reduction of titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4) - forms titanium and sodium chloride - done under inert argon gas at high temperatures - dilute HCl used to remove NaCl
47
Titanium extraction by magnesium
- reduction of titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4) - forms titanium and megnesium chloride - done under inert argon gas at high temperatures
48
Why can't carbon be used for titanium extraction?
brittle titanium carbide would be produced
49
Why is titanium so expensive?
Titanium is expensive because it is awkward to extract from its ores, rutile (TiO2)
50
period 3 oxides trend in pH along the period
pH deacreases - Na2O going to NaOH (pH 14) - SO2 + H2O --> H2SO3 (IV) (pH 2-3) - SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4(VI) (pH 0-1)
51
Magnesium oxide pH
- goes to magnesium hydroxide - pH 9
52
sodium oxide pH
-goes to sodium hydroxide - pH 14
53
why do aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide not have a pH
They are insoluble as they are giant lattices
54
What is the meaning of amphoteric?
Can act as both an acid and a base
55
Phosphor oxide pH
- P4O10 + 6H2O --> 4H3PO4 (pH 1)
56
Sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide pH
- SO2 + H2O --> H2SO3 (IV) (pH 2-3) - SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4(VI) (pH 0-1)
57
Silicon dioxide + hydroxide
SiO2 + 2OH(-) --> SiO3(2-) +H2O
58
Phosphorous oxide + hydroxide
P4O10 +12H2O --> 4PO4(3-) +6H2O
59
Sulfur dioxide + hydroxide
SO2 + 2OH(-) --> SO3(2-) + H2O
60
Sulfur trioxide + hydroxide
SO3 + 2OH(-) --> SO4(2-) + H2O
61
Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 form ___________ when acting as acids
Aluminate ions
62
Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 being amphoteric and acting as a base and acid
63
What metals are used in a Catalytic Converter?
Platinum Palladium Rhodium

C Physical and Inorganic Chemistry (15 decks)

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