XVIII - The Male Genital System Flashcards
An abnormal opening of the urethra along the ventral aspect of the penis.
Hypospadias(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 687
An abnormal opening of the urethra along the dorsal aspect of the penis.
Epispadias(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 687
A congenital malformation of the bladder associated with epispadias.
Bladder extrophy(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 688
A condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted easily over the glans penis
Phimosis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 688
Appears grossly as a solitary, plaquelike lesion on the shaft of the penis. Histologic examination reveals morphologically malignant cells throughout the epidermis with no invasion of the underlying stroma. Has potential for malignant transformation.
Bowen disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 688
Bowen disease which presents as an erythematous patch on the glans penis.
Erythroplasia of Queyrat(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 688
Occurs in young, sexually active males, histologically identical to Bowen disease. Presents with multiple reddish brown papules on the glans and is most often transient, with rare progression to carcinoma in immunocompetent patients.
Bowenoid papulosis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 688
Appears as a gray, crusted, papular lesion, most commonly on the glans penis or prepuce, which infiltrates the underlying connective tissue to produce an indurated, ulcerated lesion with irregular margins.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 689
A variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary architecture, less striking cytologic atypia, and rounded, pushing deep margins.
Verrucous carcinoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 689
Most common cause of scrotal enlargement, which is an accumulation of serous fluid within the tunica vaginalis usually secondary to infection or malignancy.
Hydrocele(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 689
Represents failure of testicular descent into the scrotum which involves the right testis more commonly than the left. Causes increased risk of sterility and development of testicular cancer.
Cryptorchidism(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 690
Most important cause of firm, painless enlargement of the testis.
Testicular neoplasms(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 690
Composed of sheets of large, uniform cells with distinct cell borders, clear, glycogen-rich cytoplasm, and round nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli. The cells are often arrayed in small lobules with intervening fibrous septa.
Seminomas(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 691
These tumors contain a mixture of medium-sized cells, large uninucleate or multinucleate tumor cells, and small cells with round nuclei that are reminiscent of secondary spermatocytes.
Spermatocytic seminoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 691
Ill-defined, invasive masses containing foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. Poorly differentiated, pleomorphic cells in cords, sheets, or papillary formation; most contain some yolk sac and choriocarcinoma cells
Embryonal carcinoma of the testis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Most common primary testicular neoplasm in children younger than 3 years of age.
Yolk sac tumors/endodermal sinus tumors(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells forming microcysts, sheets, glands, and papillae, often associated with eosinophilic hyaline globules. (+) Schiller-Duval bodies
Yolk sac tumors/endodermal sinus tumors(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Structures resembling primitive glomeruli, seen in yolk sac tumors.
Schiller-Duval bodies(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast without villus formation
Choriocarcinomas (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Tissues from all three germ-cell layers with varying degrees of differentiation
Teratomas(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Teratoma which contain fully differentiated tissues from one or more germ cell layers (e.g., neural tissue, cartilage, adipose tissue, bone, epithelium) in a haphazard array.
Mature teratomas (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Teratoma which contain immature somatic elements reminiscent of those in developing fetal tissue.
Immature teratomas(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 692
Characterized by the presence of an acute, neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, congestion, and stromal edema of the prostate.
Acute prostatitis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 695
Characterized by variable amount of lymphoid infiltrate, evidence of glandular injury, and, frequently, concomitant acute inflammatory changes of the prostate.
Chronic prostatitis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 695
Nodular hyperplasia is usually more pronounced in what part/s of the prostate?
Inner (central and transitional) region of the prostate(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 696
Composed of proliferating prostatic glandular elements and fibromuscular stroma. The glandular lumina often contain inspissated, proteinaceous secretory material, termed corpora amylacea.
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 697
Major hormonal stimulus for proliferation in nodular hyperplasia of the prostate.
DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 698
Most common area of the prostate affected by prostatic carcinoma.
Outer (peripheral) glands (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 698
Concentration of this biochemical marker is of great value in monitoring patients after treatment for prostate cancer.
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 700
A commonly used method for grading prostatic carcinoma, which is based on features such as the degree of glandular differentiation, the architecture of the neoplastic glands, nuclear anaplasia, and mitotic activity.
Gleason system(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 700
A chronic venereal infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, whose fundamental microscopic lesion is a proliferative endarteritis and an accompanying inflammatory infiltrate rich in plasma cells.
Syphilis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 702
An irregular, firm mass of necrotic tissue surrounded by resilient connective tissue. Contains a central zone of coagulation necrosis surrounded by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, epithelioid cells, giant cells, and a peripheral zone of dense fibrous tissue. Seen in tertiary syphilis.
Gumma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 702
This stage of syphilis is characterized by the presence of an indurated chancre at the site of initial inoculation, associated with painless regional lymphadenopathy.
Primary Syphilis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 702
Both nontreponemal and antitreponemal antibody tests are strongly positive in virtually all cases of this stage of syphilis.
Secondary syphilis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 702
In males this is manifested most often as a purulent urethral discharge, associated with an edematous, congested urethral meatus. Gram stain of urethral discharge, demonstrates the characteristic gram-negative, intracellular diplococci.
Gonorrhea (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 705
A gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes a disease that is clinically indistinguishable from gonorrhea in both men and in women.
Chlamydia trachomatis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 707
C. trachomatis infection causing a triad of reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis and generalized mucocutaneous lesions.
Reiter syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 707
This STD is a chronic, ulcerative disease caused by certain strains of C. trachomatis, which presents with nonspecific urethritis, papular or ulcerative lesions involving the lower genitalia, regional adenopathy, or an anorectal syndrome.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 707
This STD is an acute, ulcerative infection caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus. The lesion is an irregular ulcer, whose base is covered by a shaggy, yellow-gray exudate. Regional lymph nodes are enlarged and tender.
Chancroid (Soft Chancre) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 707
A chronic inflammatory disease caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. The organisms are demonstrable in Giemsa-stained smears of the exudate as minute coccobacilli within vacuoles in macrophages (Donovan bodies). Regional lymph nodes are typically spared.
Granuloma Inguinale (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 708
The initial lesions of this infection are painful, erythematous vesicles on the mucosa or skin of the lower genitalia and adjacent extra-genital sites. Cowdry type A inclusions appear as light purple, homogeneous intranuclear structures surrounded by a clear halo.
HSV 2(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 708
Caused by HPV types 6 and 11. Lesions vary from small, sessile lesions to large, papillary proliferations measuring several centimeters in diameter.
Condylomata acuminata (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 709
What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children?
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (TOPNOTCH)
Fiery red appearance of the cervix is associated with what type of infection?
Strawberry cervix is associated with T. vaginalis infection (TOPNOTCH)