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XPath Flashcards

1
Q

Что такое нода?

XPath

A
  • element,
  • attribute,
  • text,
  • namespace,
  • processing-instruction,
  • comment,
  • root nodes.

XML documents are treated as trees of nodes.
The topmost element of the tree is called the root element.

<bookstore>
  <book>
    <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
    <author>J K. Rowling</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>29.99</price>
  </book>
</bookstore>

bookstore - root node
author - element node
lang - attribute node

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2
Q

Выбрать все ноды bookstore

XPath

A

nodename

Selects all nodes with the name “nodename”

Пример: bookstore

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3
Q

Выбор от корневой ноды

XPath

A

/ - выбирает корневые ноды

Пример /bookstore

Note: If the path starts with a slash ( / ) it always represents an absolute path to an element!

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4
Q

Выбрать все ноды book

XPath

A

// - выбирает ноды в документе от текущей ноды которые подходят по имени не смотря на положение в документе

Пример: //book

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5
Q

Выбрать текущую ноду

XPath

A

. - выбирает текущую ноду

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6
Q

Выбрать родителя текущей ноды

XPath

A

.. - выбирает родителя текущей ноды

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7
Q

Выбрать атрибут

XPath

A

@ - выбирает атрибуты

//@lang - выбирает все атрибуты lang

Альтернатива:
//*[@id='Element ID']

Examples
//*[@id="Element ID"] will select any element with id=”cool”
//ul[@id="long"] will select <ul id="long">

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8
Q

Выбрать все дочерние элементы book ноды bookstore

XPath

A

bookstore/book

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9
Q

Выбрать всех наследников book ноды bookstore независимо от положения внутри

XPath

A

bookstore//book

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10
Q

Wildcard. Любой элемент ноды

XPath

A

* - Matches any element node

/bookstore/* - выбирает все дочерние элементы ноды

//* - выбирает все элементы в документе

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11
Q

Wildcard. Найти все атрибуты

XPath

A

@* - Matches any attribute node

//title[@*] - выбирает все элементы title у которых есть хотябы один любой атрибут

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12
Q

Wildcard. Найти ноду любого типа

XPath

A

node() - Matches any node of any kind

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13
Q

Выбрать одновременно title и price внутри book

XPath

A

By using the '|' operator in an XPath expression you can select several paths.

//book/title | //book/price - Selects all the title AND price elements of all book elements

//title | //price - Selects all the title AND price elements in the document

/bookstore/book/title | //price - Selects all the title elements of the book element of the bookstore element AND all the price elements in the document

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14
Q

Select all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node

XPath Axes

A

ancestor

ancestor::book - Selects all book ancestors of the current node

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15
Q

Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself

XPath Axes

A

ancestor-or-self

ancestor-or-self::book - Selects all book ancestors of the current node - and the current as well if it is a book node

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16
Q

Selects all attributes of the current node

XPath Axes

A

attribute

attribute::lang - Selects the lang attribute of the current node

attribute::* - Selects all attributes of the current node

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17
Q

Selects all children of the current node

XPath Axes

A

child

child::book - Selects all book nodes that are children of the current node

child::* - Selects all element children of the current node

child::text() - Selects all text node children of the current node

child::node() - Selects all children of the current node

child::*/child::price - Selects all price grandchildren of the current node

18
Q

Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node

XPath Axes

A

descendant

descendant::book - Selects all book descendants of the current node

19
Q

Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself

XPath Axes

A

descendant-or-self

20
Q

Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node

XPath Axes

21
Q

Selects all siblings after the current node

XPath Axes

A

following-sibling

//A/following-sibling::B

Examples
//p/following-sibling::div will select every element with <div> that directly follows a p
//div//following-sibling::a will select every a element that directly follows a div

22
Q

Selects all namespace nodes of the current node

XPath Axes

23
Q

Selects the parent of the current node

XPath Axes

23
Q

Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document, except ancestors, attribute nodes and namespace nodes

XPath Axes

24
Selects all siblings before the current node | XPath Axes
preceding-sibling `//A/preceding-sibling::B` **Examples** `//p/preceding-sibling::div` will select every element with `
` that directly precends a p
25
Selects the current node | XPath Axes
self
26
Location Path Expression | XPath Axes
A location path can be absolute or relative. An absolute location path starts with a slash ( / ) and a relative location path does not. In both cases the location path consists of one or more steps, each separated by a slash: ``` An absolute location path: /step/step/... A relative location path: step/step/... ``` Each step is evaluated against the nodes in the current node-set. A step consists of: 1. an axis (defines the tree-relationship between the selected nodes and the current node) 1. a node-test (identifies a node within an axis) 1. zero or more predicates (to further refine the selected node-set) The syntax for a location step is: `axisname::nodetest[predicate]`
27
Select the title of the first book
/bookstore/book[1]/title
28
Select price nodes with price>35
/bookstore/book[price>35]/price
29
Select title nodes with price>35
/bookstore/book[price>35]/title
30
Class selector | XPath
Должно работать `//*[@class, 'value']` `//*[contains(@Attribute,'value')]` `//*[contains(@class,"neato")]` selects all elements with class="neato"
31
Index Selector | XPath
Select element at given index `(A)[Index]` - *counting from 0* You can select a specific element given within a xpath result. **Examples** `(//a)[2]` will select second A
32
Select last selector | XPath
Select the last element inside of another element `[last()]` You can use this selector to select an element that is the **last child element inside of another element.** *Pro Tip → In cases where there is only one element, that element counts as the first-child, only-child and last-child!* **Examples** `(//div)[last()]` selects the last `
` element. `//div/*[last()]` selects all the last elements within `
` elements.
33
Last - N selector | XPath
Select the second last element inside of another element `//A[last()-N]` You can use this selector to select an element that is the last - N child element inside of another element. Examples `(//div)[last()-3]` selects the 4th last `
` element.
34
Multiple Attribute Value Selector | XPath
Select all elements that have multiple specific attribute value `//B[@attribute='value' and @otherAttribute='other value']/A` Attribute selectors are case sensitive, each character must match exactly. Examples `//input[@type="text" and @placeholer="username"]` selects all text input elements with placeholder username.
35
Attribute Starts With Selector
Select all elements with an attribute value that starts with specific characters `//*[starts-with(@attribute,"value")]` **Examples** `//toy[starts-with(@category,"Swim")]` selects elements with class toy and category "Swimwear"
36
Attribute Ends With Selector
Select all elements with an attribute value that ends with specific characters. The 'ends-with' function is part of xpath 2.0 but browsers generally only support 1.0 `//*[substring(@attribute, string-length(@attribute) - string-length('end text') +1) = 'end text']` **Examples** `//img[substring(@src, string-length(@src) - string-length('.jpg')+1 ) '.jpg' ]` selects all images display a .jpg image.
37
Поиск по текту | XPath
`//a[.='Текст ссылки']` - точка это текстовое содержимое выбранного элемента **contains()** - по части текста `//h1[contains(text(),’ Log in to Twitter’)]` **starts-with()** - начинается с текста `//h1[starts-with(text(),’Log in’)]` **text()** - весь текст `//h1[text()='Log in to Twitter']`
38
Удаление лишних пробелов в строке | XPath
**normalize-space()** `
Войти через Google
` Плохая практика `//[text()=’Войти через Google’]` Хорошая практика `//[normalize-space(text())=’Войти через Google’]` Почему: Последний селектор нивелирует ошибки в верстке, связанные с пробелами. Например, это спасет в подобной ситуации: ```
Войти через Google
Войти через Google
``` __ ``` Карта //a[normalize-space(.)=’Карта’] ```
40
Подзапросы (вместо подъема по дереву) | XPath
`//form[./input[@id='test2']]` - найти такую форму, внутри которой находится input с идентификатором Является альтернативой для `//input[@id='test2']/..`

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