Xin Hai 1911 Flashcards
Anti-Qing Bad Treaties Not Modern Corrupt Failed to Repel Barbarians Taiping -> Boxer All Unhappy Sun Yat Sen - Rev. Alliance
Why did many Chinese people oppose the Qing Dynasty in the 19th century?
They saw the Qing as weak, corrupt, and unable to defend China from foreign powers.
What major rebellion was a result of anti-Qing feelings?
The Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864).
Why were the Qing considered “foreign” rulers?
They were Manchu, not Han Chinese.
What dynasty did the Qing replace, and why did people want it restored?
The Ming Dynasty; many Han Chinese wanted a return to native rule.
What secret societies opposed the Qing Dynasty?
The Boxers and the Revive China Society.
Why did anti-Qing groups see the Qing as weak?
They repeatedly lost wars and gave up Chinese territory to foreigners.
How did the Qing try to suppress opposition?
Through military force, censorship, and executing rebels.
Which leader eventually overthrew the Qing Dynasty?
Sun Yat-sen.
What were the Unequal Treaties?
Treaties that forced China to give special privileges to foreign powers.
Which treaty gave Britain control of Hong Kong?
The Treaty of Nanjing (1842).
What was the Treaty of Tianjin (1858)?
A treaty that forced China to open more ports and allow foreign embassies.
How did the Treaty of Beijing (1860) further weaken China?
It legalized opium, expanded foreign control, and ceded land to Britain and Russia.
What privileges did foreigners get under the Unequal Treaties?
Extraterritoriality (tried under their own laws) and control over trade.
Which countries benefited from the Unequal Treaties?
Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and the United States.
Why was China not modernizing in the 19th century?
The Qing resisted reforms, and foreign powers controlled key industries.
What was Sun Yat-sen’s goal?
To overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a republic.
What was the Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-1895)?
A failed attempt by the Qing to modernize China’s military and economy.
How did Japan’s modernization compare to China’s?
Japan successfully modernized, while China lagged behind.
What was the Hundred Days’ Reform (1898)?
A failed reform movement led by Emperor Guangxu to modernize China.
Why did the Hundred Days’ Reform fail?
Empress Dowager Cixi opposed it and stopped the reforms.
