Xenografting and DCD Flashcards
When was the first successful porcine heart transplant?
January 2022
What about the pig heart made it aimed at avoiding acute rejection?
It was a genetically engineered pig.
How long did the recipient live post-transplant?
2 Months
What does concordant mean in terms of xeno-transplant?
Closely related
Which species are concordant to human xenografting?
Primate (mammals), Monkey, Pig (partly).
Which species have no xenograft advantages?
Cow, Horse, Sheep
What are advantages of pig transplant?
Partly concordant and are size-compatible.
What are disadvantages of pig for xenograft?
Must be genetically engineered
What are disadvantages of Cow/Horse/Sheep for xenograft?
Large size and disconcordant.
What are disadvantages of Dog for xenograft?
Disconcordant and ethics
What are disadvantages of Monkey for xenograft?
Small size and Retrovirus
What are disadvantages of primate for xenograft?
Scare, Endangered, Ethics and Retrovirus
What MUST be performed to prevent xenograft rejection?
Genetic Modification
What are 2 key genetic modifications to date?
Knock out of porcine carbohydrate genes (GAL). Induced expression of human complement and coagulation regulatory molecules.
What are the two types of DCD?
Controlled and Uncontrolled
What is a controlled DCD?
Takes place after death and is a planned withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.
What is an uncontrolled DCD?
Organ retrieval after a cardiac arrest that is unexpected and patient CANNOT or SHOULD NOT be resuscitated. (A&E)
What % of UK organs are DCD?
40%
