HLA and Tissue Typing Flashcards
What does HLA stand for?
Human Leucocyte Antigens
What is the role of HLA?
Determines if something ‘belongs’ to the body or not.
How many classical loci of HLA are there?
- Class I (A,B,C) and Class II (DR, DQ, DP)
What are the Class I HLA loci?
A, B ,C
What are the Class II HLA loci?
DR, DQ, DP
What is the purpose of loci molecules in HLA?
Allow tissue to be recognised as ‘self’ or ‘non self’ by host immune system to determine histocompatibility.
What chromosome is HLA found on?
Chromosome 6
Where is the HLA region located on chromosome 6?
On the short arm
Which HLA class are expressed on almost ALL cells?
HLA Class I
Which HLA class recognise intracellular pathogens?
HLA Class I
Which HLA class are found on immune cells?
HLA Class II
Which HLA Class recognise extracellular pathogens?
HLA Class II
How are HLA very Polymorphic?
They have many different alleles. Serve to recognise and initiate an immune response.
Which HLA Class are expressed on all nucleated cells?
HLA Class I
Which HLA Class are expressed on antigen-presenting cells?
HLA Class II
What does HLA-A define on nomenclature?
The locus
What does HLA-A24 show on nomenclature?
The antigen has been serologically defined
What does the asterisk in ‘HLA-A*24’ show?
This shows that the allele was defined through low resolution molecular methods.
What does the ‘:’ in HLA-*24:01 show?
This shows a specific allele from a higher resolution.