X-Ray Tube and Production

Question 1

most frequent used system and consists of 2 sets of rails mounted to ceiling directly over radiographic table

Answer 1

ceiling support

Question 2

support structures of the x-ray tube

Answer 2

ceiling support, floor ceiling support system, c-arm support system

Question 3

it allows both longitudinal and transverse travel of x-ray tube

Answer 3

ceiling support

Question 4

it is attached to the x-ray tube housing and functions to allow manipulation of SID

Answer 4

telescoping column

Question 5

has a single column with rollers at each end, one attached to a ceiling-mounted rail and other attached to a floor-mounted rail

Answer 5

floor ceiling support system

Question 6

interventional radiology suites often are equipped with this as it can provide a very flexible x-ray tube positioning during any interventional radiology procedure, even any operations

Answer 6

c-arm support system

Question 7

external structures of an x-ray tube

Answer 7

support structure, protective housing, glass envelope

Question 8

other term for glass envelope

Answer 8

metal envelope, glass enclosure, metal enclosure

Question 9

it guards against excessive radiation exposure and electric shock; as well as rough handling

Answer 9

protective housing

Question 10

x-rays emitted through the window

Answer 10

useful beam

Question 11

it is incorporated to protective housing for protection against accidental electric shock

Answer 11

high-voltage connector

Question 12

it is inside the glass or metal envelope also called the port, where useful x-ray passes through

Answer 12

window

Question 13

it is inside the glass or metal envelope also called the port, where useful x-ray passes through

Answer 13

window

Question 14

protective housing contains this fluid to serve as both an insulator against electric shock and as a thermal cushion to dissipate heat; to prolong tube life

Answer 14

oil

Question 15

material that is able to withstand tremendous heat generated

Answer 15

pyrex glass

Question 16

this occurs when there is a short circuit within the x-ray tube, typically from cathode to glass envelope

Answer 16

arcing

Question 17

result of arcing

Answer 17

loss of x-ray output and artifact

Question 18

coil of wire similar to that in a kitchen toaster but smaller

Answer 18

filament

Question 19

filament is made up of

Answer 19

thoriated tungsten

Question 20

melting point of tungsten

Answer 20

3410 degrees celcius

Question 21

amount of thorium added to the tungsten filament

Answer 21

1%-2%

Question 22

occurs when current is applied to filament

Answer 22

thermionic emission

Question 23

filament emits electron when it is heated, when the current through the filament is sufficiently high, the outer electrons of the filament atoms are “boiled off” and ejected from the filament

Answer 23

thermionic emission

Question 24

once the filament gets very hot, it will emit negatively charged electrons and these will try to break away from the wire to form clouds. what is the term called to the formation of clouds

Answer 24

space charge

Question 25

this becomes the source of electrons for producing x-rays

Answer 25

space charge

Question 26

filament is embedded in a metal cup

Answer 26

focusing cup

Question 27

it serves to focus space charge to a target area on the anode at the time of exposure; this will cause for the electrons to confine into a small area of anode

Answer 27

focusing cup

Question 28

term for diagnostic x-rays that has 2 focal spots

Answer 28

dual focus

Question 29

used when better spatial resolution is required

Answer 29

small focal spot

Question 30

used when large body parts are imaged and when other techniques that produce high heat are required

Answer 30

large focal spot

Question 31

anodes that are used in dental x-ray imaging system, some portable imaging system and other special purpose units in which high tube current and power are not required

Answer 31

stationary anode

Question 32

shaft-like structure made primarily of copper; it serves as the rotation device that will turn the stem and rotating target area

Answer 32

rotor

Question 33

attaches the rotating target area to the rotor and facilitated the conduction of it away from the target area

Answer 33

stem

Question 34

a stem of an anode is made up of

Answer 34

copper

Question 35

circular, disk-like structure with a slanted or beveled edge and it receives electrons as they move from cathode to anode

Answer 35

target

Question 36

a target of an anode is made up of

Answer 36

tungsten

Question 37

it conducts electricity and radiated heat and contains the target

Answer 37

anode

Question 38

area of the anode struck by electrons from the cathode

Answer 38

target

Question 39

materials used for target

Answer 39

tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, graphite, rhodium

Question 40

pitting or bubbling

Answer 40

overheat

Question 41

it allows electron beam to interact with as much larger target area

Answer 41

rotating anode

Question 42

it is used to turn the anode

Answer 42

induction motor

Question 43

2 parts of induction motor

Answer 43

stator (outside) and rotor (inside)

Question 44

it results in an effective focal spot much less than the actual focal spot size

Answer 44

line focus principle

Question 45

line focus principle is done by

Answer 45

angling the target

Question 46

area in the anode surface where it receives the beam of electrons from cathode

Answer 46

focus spot

Question 47

beam of electrons from cathode

Answer 47

incident electron beam

Question 48

effective for imaging thin body parts and gives very good increased spatial resolutions and recorded details but poor in dissipating heat since there is a less anode area of surface used

Answer 48

small effective focal spot

Question 49

great in dissipating heat and good for imaging thick body parts and has short exposure time but poor image quality

Answer 49

large effective focal spot

Question 50

term for two focal spot

Answer 50

biangular target

Question 51

result in smaller effective focal spot and less radiation intensity on the anode side of the x-ray beam

Answer 51

anode heel effect

Question 52

some of the electrons bounce off the focal spot and land on the other areas of the target

Answer 52

extrafocal radiation

Question 53

extrafocal radiation results to

Answer 53

increased patient skin dose and reduces image contrast

Question 54

conditions needed for x-ray production

Answer 54

large potential difference (kVp) quality of electrons (mAs) a place of interaction (target) source of electron (filament)

Question 55

electron target interactions

Answer 55

anode heat, characteristic x-ray, bremsstrahlung x-ray

Question 56

interact with the outershell electrons of target atom

Answer 56

anode heat

Question 57

projectile electrons interact with an inner shell electron of target atom

Answer 57

characteristic x-ray

Question 58

results when the interaction is sufficiently violent ionize the target atom by totally removing an inner shell electron

Answer 58

characteristic x-ray

Question 59

primary beam of a characteristic x-ray

Answer 59

15%

Question 60

interaction in which the electron can lose its KE and projectile electrons interacts from the nucleus of a target atom

Answer 60

bremsstrahlung x-ray

Question 61

german word for slowing down or braking down

Answer 61

bremsstrahlung x-ray

Question 62

primary beam of bremsstrahlung x-ray

Answer 62

85%