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Imaging Equipment > X-Ray Tube and Production > Flashcards

X-Ray Tube and Production Flashcards

1
Q

most frequent used system and consists of 2 sets of rails mounted to ceiling directly over radiographic table

A

ceiling support

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2
Q

support structures of the x-ray tube

A

ceiling support, floor ceiling support system, c-arm support system

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3
Q

it allows both longitudinal and transverse travel of x-ray tube

A

ceiling support

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4
Q

it is attached to the x-ray tube housing and functions to allow manipulation of SID

A

telescoping column

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5
Q

has a single column with rollers at each end, one attached to a ceiling-mounted rail and other attached to a floor-mounted rail

A

floor ceiling support system

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6
Q

interventional radiology suites often are equipped with this as it can provide a very flexible x-ray tube positioning during any interventional radiology procedure, even any operations

A

c-arm support system

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7
Q

external structures of an x-ray tube

A

support structure, protective housing, glass envelope

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8
Q

other term for glass envelope

A

metal envelope, glass enclosure, metal enclosure

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9
Q

it guards against excessive radiation exposure and electric shock; as well as rough handling

A

protective housing

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10
Q

x-rays emitted through the window

A

useful beam

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11
Q

it is incorporated to protective housing for protection against accidental electric shock

A

high-voltage connector

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12
Q

it is inside the glass or metal envelope also called the port, where useful x-ray passes through

A

window

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13
Q

it is inside the glass or metal envelope also called the port, where useful x-ray passes through

A

window

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14
Q

protective housing contains this fluid to serve as both an insulator against electric shock and as a thermal cushion to dissipate heat; to prolong tube life

A

oil

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15
Q

material that is able to withstand tremendous heat generated

A

pyrex glass

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16
Q

this occurs when there is a short circuit within the x-ray tube, typically from cathode to glass envelope

A

arcing

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17
Q

result of arcing

A

loss of x-ray output and artifact

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18
Q

coil of wire similar to that in a kitchen toaster but smaller

A

filament

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19
Q

filament is made up of

A

thoriated tungsten

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20
Q

melting point of tungsten

A

3410 degrees celcius

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21
Q

amount of thorium added to the tungsten filament

A

1%-2%

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22
Q

occurs when current is applied to filament

A

thermionic emission

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23
Q

filament emits electron when it is heated, when the current through the filament is sufficiently high, the outer electrons of the filament atoms are “boiled off” and ejected from the filament

A

thermionic emission

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24
Q

once the filament gets very hot, it will emit negatively charged electrons and these will try to break away from the wire to form clouds. what is the term called to the formation of clouds

A

space charge

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25
Q

this becomes the source of electrons for producing x-rays

A

space charge

26
Q

filament is embedded in a metal cup

A

focusing cup

27
Q

it serves to focus space charge to a target area on the anode at the time of exposure; this will cause for the electrons to confine into a small area of anode

A

focusing cup

28
Q

term for diagnostic x-rays that has 2 focal spots

A

dual focus

29
Q

used when better spatial resolution is required

A

small focal spot

30
Q

used when large body parts are imaged and when other techniques that produce high heat are required

A

large focal spot

31
Q

anodes that are used in dental x-ray imaging system, some portable imaging system and other special purpose units in which high tube current and power are not required

A

stationary anode

32
Q

shaft-like structure made primarily of copper; it serves as the rotation device that will turn the stem and rotating target area

A

rotor

33
Q

attaches the rotating target area to the rotor and facilitated the conduction of it away from the target area

A

stem

34
Q

a stem of an anode is made up of

A

copper

35
Q

circular, disk-like structure with a slanted or beveled edge and it receives electrons as they move from cathode to anode

A

target

36
Q

a target of an anode is made up of

A

tungsten

37
Q

it conducts electricity and radiated heat and contains the target

A

anode

38
Q

area of the anode struck by electrons from the cathode

A

target

39
Q

materials used for target

A

tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, graphite, rhodium

40
Q

pitting or bubbling

A

overheat

41
Q

it allows electron beam to interact with as much larger target area

A

rotating anode

42
Q

it is used to turn the anode

A

induction motor

43
Q

2 parts of induction motor

A

stator (outside) and rotor (inside)

44
Q

it results in an effective focal spot much less than the actual focal spot size

A

line focus principle

45
Q

line focus principle is done by

A

angling the target

46
Q

area in the anode surface where it receives the beam of electrons from cathode

A

focus spot

47
Q

beam of electrons from cathode

A

incident electron beam

48
Q

effective for imaging thin body parts and gives very good increased spatial resolutions and recorded details but poor in dissipating heat since there is a less anode area of surface used

A

small effective focal spot

49
Q

great in dissipating heat and good for imaging thick body parts and has short exposure time but poor image quality

A

large effective focal spot

50
Q

term for two focal spot

A

biangular target

51
Q

result in smaller effective focal spot and less radiation intensity on the anode side of the x-ray beam

A

anode heel effect

52
Q

some of the electrons bounce off the focal spot and land on the other areas of the target

A

extrafocal radiation

53
Q

extrafocal radiation results to

A

increased patient skin dose and reduces image contrast

54
Q

conditions needed for x-ray production

A

large potential difference (kVp)
quality of electrons (mAs)
a place of interaction (target)
source of electron (filament)

55
Q

electron target interactions

A

anode heat, characteristic x-ray, bremsstrahlung x-ray

56
Q

interact with the outershell electrons of target atom

A

anode heat

57
Q

projectile electrons interact with an inner shell electron of target atom

A

characteristic x-ray

58
Q

results when the interaction is sufficiently violent ionize the target atom by totally removing an inner shell electron

A

characteristic x-ray

59
Q

primary beam of a characteristic x-ray

A

15%

60
Q

interaction in which the electron can lose its KE and projectile electrons interacts from the nucleus of a target atom

A

bremsstrahlung x-ray

61
Q

german word for slowing down or braking down

A

bremsstrahlung x-ray

62
Q

primary beam of bremsstrahlung x-ray

A

85%

Imaging Equipment (2 decks)

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