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Imaging Equipment > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

it contains only specificvalues

A

discrete spectrum

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2
Q

it contains all possible values

A

continuous spectrum

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3
Q

factors affecting x-ray emission

A

effect of mA and mAs
effect of kVp
effect of added filtration
effect of target material
effect of voltage wavefrom

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4
Q

what happens if the right spectrum is farther to the right

A

higher energy/quality of x-ray beam

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5
Q

what happens if the area under the curve is large

A

higher intensity/x-ray quantity

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6
Q

distance of 1 crest to another

A

wavelength

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7
Q

height of crest, 1/2 the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies

A

amplitude

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8
Q

if we increase kVp by 15%, what happens to mAs

A

increase by 2

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9
Q

5 voltage waveforms

A

half-wave rectified, full-wave rectified, three-phase six pulse, three-phase twelve pulse, high frequency waveform

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10
Q

an increase in current results in

A

increased quantity, no change in quality

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11
Q

an increase in voltage results in

A

increased quantity and quality

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12
Q

an increase in added filtration results in

A

decreased quantity and increased quality

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13
Q

an increase in target material results in

A

increased quantity and quality

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14
Q

an increase in voltage ripple results in

A

decrease quantity and quality

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15
Q

x-ray quantity is also called

A

x-ray intensity/radiation exposure

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16
Q

it is the number of x-rays in the useful beam

A

x-ray quantity

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17
Q

x-ray quantity can be measured in

A

R, mGya, mGya/mAs, mR/mn, mR/mA

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18
Q

factors affecting x-ray quantity

A

mAs, kVp, distance, filtration

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19
Q

when this is doubled, number of electrons striking the tube target is doubled, therefore, the number of x-rays emitted is doubled

A

mAs

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20
Q

if this is doubled, x-ray intensity would increase by a factor of four

A

kvp

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21
Q

this results to x-ray beam reduces patient dose and reduce number of low-energy x-rays that reach the patient

A

filtration

22
Q

disadvantage of filtration

A

reduced image contrast

23
Q

these contribute nothing to radiograph; it does not penetrate the patient but only increases patient dose as it is absorbed by superficial tissues

A

low-energy x-rays

24
Q

the ability of x-ray beam to pass through tissue

A

penetrability

25
Q

high penetrability is called as

A

high quality x-rays

26
Q

low penetrability is called as

A

low quality x-rays

27
Q

x-ray quality is identified numerically by

A

HVL

28
Q

it is the reduction in x-ray intensity resulting from absorption and scattering, best method for specifying x-ray quality

A

half-value layer

29
Q

usual material of filtration as it is efficient in removal of low-energy photons from x-ray beam

A

aluminum

30
Q

an important quality control test to measure whether or not there is sufficient filtration in the x-ray beam to remove low energy radiations

A

half value layer

31
Q

a diagnostic x-ray beam usually has an hvl in the range of

A

3-5 Al or 3-6 cm of soft tissue

32
Q

it calculates reductions of exposure and quality of x-ray beam

A

half value layer

33
Q

factors affecting x-ray quality

A

kVp, filtration,

34
Q

an increase in kVp results in

A

increased beam quality, quantity and hvl

35
Q

increased mAs results in

A

no effect in quality, increased in quantity

36
Q

increased distance results in

A

no effect in quality, decreased quantity

37
Q

its primary purpose to an x-ray beam is selectively to remove low-energy x-rays that have little chance of getting to the IR

A

filtration

38
Q

types of filtration

A

added, inherent

39
Q

located in glass enclosure and amount of filtration is provided by x-ray tube

A

inherent filtration

40
Q

a special purpose of tube such as used in mammography and made up of beryllium that has inherent filtration of

A

.1 mm Al

41
Q

inherent filtration of a general purpose x-ray tube is

A

.5 mm Al

42
Q

thin sheet of aluminum positioned between the protective x-ray tube housing and x-ray beam collimator is its usual form

A

added filtration

43
Q

thickness of added filtration

A

1-3 mm Al

44
Q

usual 2 sources that totals to 2-3 mm Al

A

first and second

45
Q

1-2 mm sheets of Al that are permanently installed in the part of x-ray tube housing, between the housing and collimator

A

first

46
Q

1 mm Al silver surface of the mirror in the collimator

A

second

47
Q

compensating filter

A

trough filter, bow-tie, step wedge, wedge, cconic filters

48
Q

compensating filter used for chest radiography

A

trough filter

49
Q

compensating filter used for ct and shape of head

A

bow-tie

50
Q

compensating filter used for long secction of anatomy such as translumbar, femoral arteriography, venography

A

step wedge

51
Q

compensating filter used for foot

A

wedge

52
Q

compensating filter used for digital fluoroscopy

A

conic filters

Imaging Equipment (2 decks)

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