X-ray production

Question 1

X-ray that results from interaction of the projectile electron with a target nucleus; braking radiation, is the definition of

Answer 1

Bremsstrahlung

Question 2

In the diagnostic range, most x-rays are

Answer 2

Bremsstrahlung

Question 3

Only approximately _____ of projectile electron kinetic energy is used for the production of x-radiation; the other _____ is converted into __________

Answer 3

1%, 99%, heat

Question 4

When the projectile electron interacts with an inner-shell electron to eject it, what type of x-ray is produced?

Answer 4

Characteristic

Question 5

What types of x-rays are emitted when an outer-shell electron fills an inner-shell void?

Answer 5

Characteristic

Question 6

The cathode is the ________ side of the x-ray tube; it has two primary parts, a __________ and a ___________

Answer 6

Negative, filament, focusing cup

Question 7

What is the anode heel affect?

Answer 7

Uneven beam intensity. Because of the angled anode target, the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side of the x-ray field than the anode side = one side darker than the other

Question 8

What are the 2 main internal structures of the x-ray tube

Answer 8

The anode and cathode

Question 9

The smaller the anode angle, the ______ the heel effect

Answer 9

Larger

Question 10

Increasing ________ increases the quality of an x-ray beam

Answer 10

kV

Question 11

Of mAs and kVp, x-ray quantity is affected by _____, and x-ray quality is affected by ____?

Answer 11

mAs, kV

Question 12

The three primary selectable parameters on the x-ray control panel are

Answer 12

mA, kV and exposure time

Question 13

What does kV control?

Answer 13

The quality of x-ray beam produced

The contrast/ grey-scale in produced x-ray

Question 14

What does mA control?

Answer 14

Size of electron cloud
# of x-ray photons produced

Question 15

What does s control?

Answer 15

Exposure time

Question 16

What does mAs control?

Answer 16

The quantity or # of x-ray photons produced

The density/ blackening on the x-ray film

Question 17

What is the binding energy of an electron?

Answer 17

Energy needed by electron to eject it form its shell

Question 18

What are x-rays?

Answer 18

Electromagnetic waves

Question 19

What creates the electron cloud?

Answer 19

Thermal energy of filament wire activated by current

Question 20

What is the primary x-ray beam?

Answer 20

X-rays that exit the housing window

Question 21

What effect does kV have on the final image?

Answer 21

↑ Radiographic density - blacker

↓ Contrast - more shades of grey

Question 22

What effect does mAs have on the final image?

Answer 22

↑ Radiographic density – film blacker

Question 23

The effective focal spot length shortens in the ______ direction

Answer 23

Anode

Question 24

Name the two types of anodes

Answer 24

Rotating and stationary

Question 25

Advantage of a rotating anode over a stationary anode

Answer 25

Higher heat loading/dispersion and higher x-ray intensity output = large focal spot with margins for more detail

Question 26

The ________ focal spot is the flow of electrons hitting the Anode while the _______ focal spot is the flow of electrons leaving the target

Answer 26

Actual ; Effective

Question 27

What factors influence x-ray machine capacity?

Answer 27

Focal spot size Heat capacity of target Circuits and power supply

Question 28

What factors effect the focal spot size?

Answer 28

Size of electron cloud Size of filament Size of focusing cup

Question 29

What factors effect the heat capacity of the target?

Answer 29

Type of anode - stationary vs rotating

Question 30

Give the advantages/disadvantages of a small focal spot

Answer 30

A: Sharper image, more detail D: Sarrow focus, heat capacity limitation (lower mAs must be used to prevent over-heating filament)

Question 31

Give the advantages/disadvantages of a large focal spot

Answer 31

A: Increase # of possible exposures, wider focus (good for horses) D: Less focused image, detail limited by exposure

Question 32

What factors effect circuits and power supply?

Answer 32

Circuit type: | Independent circuits vs Combined circuits

Question 33

Advantages to independent circuits

Answer 33

High output, exposure selections more varied