X-Ray positioning

Question 1

Chest XR views

Answer 1

PA & LAT 72 SID

Question 2

Lateral Decubitus XR

Answer 2

AP or PA 72 SID, lying on side of interest

Question 3

Rib XR

Answer 3

AP & AP Oblique, PA & PA Oblique, 40 SID

Question 4

Hand XR

Answer 4

PA, 45 degree Oblique, fan LAT, 40 SID

Question 5

Finger XR

Answer 5

PA, 45 degree Oblique, LAT, 40 SID

Question 6

Thumb XR

Answer 6

AP, 45 degree Oblique, LAT, 40 SID

Question 7

Wrist XR

Answer 7

PA, 45 degree Oblique, LAT, 40 SID

Question 8

Ulnar deviation XR

Answer 8

PA, hand deviated outward in direction of ulna to the extent patient can tolerate

Question 9

Forearm XR

Answer 9

AP & LAT, 40 SID

Question 10

Elbow XR

Answer 10

AP & LAT, 40 SID

Question 11

Elbow XR LAT Oblique

Answer 11

40 SID, leaning laterally and rotating shoulder until posterior lateral elbow is in contact with IR

Question 12

Elbow XR MED Oblique

Answer 12

40 SID, hand pronated, 45 degree angle with IR

Question 13

Humerus XR

Answer 13

AP & LAT (elbow flexed 45 degrees with palm of hand on hip), 40 SID

Question 14

Shoulder XR

Answer 14

AP with internal (hand on hip) and external rotation (hand away from body)

Question 15

Scapular Y XR

Answer 15

aka PA Oblique, anterolateral aspect of shoulder against upright bucky, coronal plan of body 45-60 degrees to IR, body rotation adjusted to place scapular body perpendicular to IR.

Question 16

Clavicle XR

Answer 16

PA & PA Axial or AP & AP Axial. 40 SID, PA ax. 15-30 caudad. AP ax. 15-30 cephalad

Question 17

Scapula XR

Answer 17

AP & LAT, 40 SID

Question 18

AC Joint XR

Answer 18

BIL AP projections, with and without weights, 40 SID

Question 19

Foot XR

Answer 19

15 degree central ray angle for AP, 30 degree Oblique, LAT 40 SID

Question 20

Calcaneus XR

Answer 20

Plantodorsal (40 degrees cephalad to the center of the IR, entering at 3rd metatarsal base) and LAT 40 SID

Question 21

Ankle XR

Answer 21

AP, AP mortise (45 degree rotation), and LAT, 40 SID

Question 22

TIB/FIB XR

Answer 22

AP & LAT 40 SID

Question 22

Knee XR

Answer 22

AP & LAT (knee flexed 20-30 degrees), 40 SID

Question 22

Knee Sunrise XR

Answer 22

15-20 cephalad, 40 SID

Question 22

Femur XR

Answer 22

AP & Lateral, 40 SID, knee of affected leg is flexed 30-45 degrees

Question 23

what areas are shown best on a 15-20 degree ankle oblique?

Answer 23

mortise joint without superimposition

Question 24

what areas are shown best on a 45 degree ankle oblique?

Answer 24

tibiofibular joint without superimposition

Question 25

what is best seen on an AP ankle?

Answer 25

superior portion of talus and distal portions of tibia and fibula

Question 26

what does lateral ankle show?

Answer 26

tibiotalar and subtalar joints, and metatarsal base

Question 27

what angle is needed for a AP toe radiograph?

Answer 27

plantar surface resting on 15 degree sponge, central ray angled posteriorly

Question 28

what angle for a oblique toe radiograph?

Answer 28

30 to 45

Question 29

what angle is needed for a oblique foot?

Answer 29

30 degrees

Question 30

what cephalad angle is used on AP foot?

Answer 30

10 - 15 degrees

Question 31

what is calcaneus superimposed by on AP radiograph?

Answer 31

lower leg, tibia and fibula

Question 32

AP oblique foot demonstrates what structures?

Answer 32

metatarsals, some tarsals with minimal imposition (cuboid, navicular, lateral cuneiform

Question 33

what angle is used to radiograph a AP calcaneus?

Answer 33

40 degrees cephalad, entering at 3rd metatarsal base

Question 34

how should the central ray be positioned depending on if knee is perpendicular to IR?

Answer 34

0.5 inch distal to the apex of the patella, 3-5 caudad (thin patient), 0 degrees (perpendicular), or 3-5 cephalad (large pelvis)