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Terms Flashcards

1
Q

PA

A

posterior anterior

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2
Q

AP

A

anterior posterior

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3
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable

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4
Q

apex

A

the tip or point of a structure

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5
Q

ADC

A

analog to digital converter

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6
Q

artifact

A

an erroneous portion of an image that does not accurately represent the subject of the image

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7
Q

atelectasis

A

lung collapse

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8
Q

atlas

A

the C1 vertebra, a ringlike structure with no vertebral body and very short spinous process

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9
Q

axis

A

the C2 vertebra, the vertebra on which the atlas rotates so the head can turn from side to side

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10
Q

attenuation

A

absorption of the x-ray beam by matter, usually the human body

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11
Q

BMC

A

bone mineral content

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12
Q

BMD

A

bone mineral density

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13
Q

bremsstrahlung

A

one of two types of x-rays. created when electron enters the tungsten anode of the x-ray tube, misses the tungsten electrons, and gets very near the nucleus. then suddenly slows down and the loss of energy creates the x-ray

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14
Q

cardiophrenic

A

the inferior medial corners of the lungs

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15
Q

characteristic

A

one of two types of x-ray. created when an electron enters the tungsten anode of the x-ray tube and knocks out a k-shell electron, this creates the photon

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16
Q

CMOS

A

complementary metal oxide semiconductor -type of memory chip that uses a small rechargeable or lithium battery to retain information about the computers hardware while the computer is off

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17
Q

CR

A

computed radiography, cassette based

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18
Q

contrast resolution

A

the ability to distinguish adjacent anatomic structures of similar subject contrast

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19
Q

costophrenic angles

A

the inferior lateral corners of the lungs

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20
Q

cortical bone

A

dense, compact outer shell of all bones and the shafts of long bones

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21
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

a lesion that develops over bony prominences when pressure is exerted over time

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22
Q

defamation of character

A

disclosure of information that reflects negatively on a persons reputation

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23
Q

dens

A

a tooth or toothlike structure or process

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24
Q

DICOM

A

digital imaging and communications in medicine - universally accepted standard for storage, transmission, and display of medical images

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25
DR
digital radiology, cassetteless
26
diode
an electronic device that permits current to flow in one direction only
27
DXA
duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone density measurement technique using an x-ray source separated into two energies
28
EfD
effective dose, value used to calculate the upper limits of occupational exposure permissible
29
EqD
equivalent dose, the absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighing factor
30
EOP
external occipital protuberance, the palpable bony prominence in the approximate center of the occipital bone
31
fabella
the normal variation of a small sesamoid bone located posterior to the knee
32
fat pad sign
radiographic evidence of displacement of the fat pad in the joint region of the elbow that indicates a fracture
33
forced expiration test
a common spirometry used to test measure forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity
34
FRAX
an algorithm developed by WHO to evaluate fracture risk for patients, gives 10 year probability
35
glabella
the bony prominence on the frontal bone between the eyebrows
36
glottic closure
sudden cessation of exhalation caused by closure of the opening to the trachea
36
hilum
a depression or pit at the part of the organ where vessels and nerves enter
36
gonion
the angle of the mandible
37
iatrogenic
health care - related, as an infection
37
idiosyncratic
unusual or peculiar
38
inherent filtration
the filtration in the x-ray tube that is built in. includes the glass of the tube, the oil, and the light mirror
39
inverse square law
a law that states that x-ray intensity proportional to the square of the distance from the source
40
ischium
the posterior inferior portion of the innominate bone
41
lamina
any thin, flat layer of membrane or other bulkier tissue
42
libel
the malicious spreading of information that results in defamation of character or loss of reputation
43
LET
linear energy transfer - measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to human tissue
44
LUT
look-up table, data that are stored in substitute new values for each pixel during digital processing
45
lumen
the channel within a hollow tubelike structure
46
mental protuberance (point)
the prominence in the center of the mandibles lower margin
47
MTF
modulation transfer function - the measurement of recorded detail, sharpness, and spatial resolution. measures the ability of the system to display what was actually imaged
48
moral agent
the person responsible for implementing an ethical decision
49
MXA
morphometric x-ray absorptiometry
50
nasal conchae
six thin, curved, bony projections that divide the nasal cavities
51
nasion
the anterior depression in the midline of the skull between the orbits
52
NOF
national osteoporosis foundation
53
NHANES III
the third national health and nutrition examination survey
54
NAT
nonaccidental trauma - aka battered child syndrome
55
orthopnea
the inability to breathe when laying down
56
organic brain syndrome
the term for large group of disorders associated with brain damage or impaired cerebral function
57
PACS
picture archival and communications system
58
paget disease
a disease of the elderly that results in the softening and destruction of bone, followed by thickening and irregular calcification as the bone is repaired
59
parietal membrane
the lining of the bodies cavities
60
PSP
photostimulable phosphor, used in computed radiography plates (CR) to absorb the x-ray energy and store it until it is processed by a special unit and laser light
61
pledget
an alcohol swab or "prep"
62
quantum mottle
a grainy or mottled appearance of an image, usually caused by insufficient radiation exposure
63
sievert
(Sv) a unit measuring the effective radiation dose to a patient
64
smoothing
the result of averaging each pixels frequency with surrounding pixel values to remove high-frequency noise. aka low-pass filtering
65
spectral emission
the color of the light emitted by the phosphor of the x-ray screen
66
status epilepticus
prolonged or repeated seizures
67
stridor
harsh, high-pitched sound during respiration that is caused by obstruction of the bronchi
68
supine
the position in which a person is lying on the back, face up
69
synergistic
enhancing the effect of another drug or agent when the two are combined
70
thermionic emission
the process by which electrons are "boiled off" from the tungsten filament in the x-ray tube. occurs when the filament is heated during the x-ray exposure. electrons are then forced into the anode during exposure, creating x-rays
71
trabecular bone
delicate, lattice work structure within bones that adds strength without excessive weight
72
zygoma
the cheek bone
73
inverse square law
intensity of radiation decreases proportionally to the square of the distance from the x-ray source
74
Rotentgen
unit of exposure, defined as amount of ionization produced by a beam of radiation in air
75
extravasation
infiltration of IV fluid outside of vessel
76
bacquerel
measure of radioactive decay equal to disintegration per second
77
curie
standard measurement for radioactive decay
78
fission
splitting of something into two parts, also referred to as nuclear fission
79
pion
negatively charged particle produced by a complex process that requires acceleration of protons
80
anthropomorphic
simulating human form
81
carina
a prominent ridge of the lowest tracheal cartilage running anterioposteriorly between the orifices of the two main stem bronchi
82
contrecoup injury
brain injury caused by movement of the brain within the cranium that results from a severe blow to the head on the opposite side
83
enteral
via the digestive tract, refers to method of feeding or medication administration

LXMO (4 decks)

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