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RADT 181 - Phys. 3 > X-ray Circuitry > Flashcards

X-ray Circuitry Flashcards

1
Q

Three sections of the x-ray circuit:

A

Primary circuit
Secondary circuit
Filament circuit

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2
Q

the basic “on/off” switch connected to the power supply of the facility of the primary circuit

A

main power switch

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3
Q

A device that acts in the same manner as a fuse. If the current flowing through it rises above a certain level, the circuit breaker flips its internal switch to open the circuit and stop the electric flow

A

Circuit breaker

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4
Q

A device that raises or lowers voltage in the primary circuit.

A

Autotransformer

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5
Q

A circuit made up of a mechanical or electronic device whose action is to start and stop the high voltage across the x-ray tube. It is nearly always located in the primary section

A

Timer circuit

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6
Q

A device in the primary circuit that raises voltage to the kilovolt level needed to power the x-ray tube.

A

Step-up transformer

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7
Q

The secondary circuit is made up of the secondary side of the:

A

Step-up transformer

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8
Q

Secondary circuit components:

A

mA meter, rectifiers, x-ray tube (except filaments)

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9
Q

A device placed in the tube circuit and used to monitor x-ray tube current

A

mA meter

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10
Q

A device that converts alternating current to direct current by allowing the current to flow through it only in one direction

A

Rectifier

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11
Q

Filament circuit components:

A

Rheostat, step-down transformer, filaments

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12
Q

An appliance for regulating the resistance and thus controlling the amount of current entering an electric circuit

A

Rheostat

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13
Q

A device included in the filament circuit to lower the voltage to the filament.

A

Step-down transformer

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14
Q

To boost the 220V flowing to the x-ray machine to the thousands required to produce x-rays, a _____ is used.

A

transformer

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15
Q

In a basic X-ray circuit, three transformers are used:

A

Autotransformer
Step-up transformer
Step-down transformer

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16
Q

_____ is needed for transformers to operate correctly because, in effect, it creates a fluctuating magnetic field.

A

Alternating current

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17
Q

Transformer Law

A

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

V = Voltage
N = the number of turns
s = secondary coil
p = primary coil

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18
Q

The number of coils in the primary and secondary coils determine whether there is an increase or decrease in the voltage of the secondary coil. This is expressed mathematically by the ______

A

Transformer Law

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19
Q

if there are more turns in the secondary coil than the primary coil, Voltage in the secondary coil will ____

A

increase (step-up transformer)

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20
Q

Consists of a single winding of wire that acts as the primary and secondary coil and self induces current

A

Autotransformer

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21
Q

Considered the kVp selector

A

Autotransformer

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22
Q

The autotransformer’s primary function is to provide a voltage that can then be increased by the step-up transformer in the primary circuit to produce the kilovolts needed for X-ray production. That increase is constant and roughly:

A

500x

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23
Q

The dividing line between the Primary and Secondary circuit

A

Step-up transformer

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24
Q

The step-up transformer [is/is not] adjustable

A

Is not

25
Q

“Filament transformer”. Used to control the degree and duration that the filament is heated

A

Step-down

26
Q

Energy can neither be created or destroyed. The total energy of an isolated system remains constant

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

27
Q

If energy in a system is neither created or destroyed and resistance in the circuit remains a constant, then if there is a decrease in Voltage, there must be an ______ to balance the equation

A

Increase in Amps

28
Q

We can calculate the output current of a transformer using the following equation:

A

Ip/Is = Ns/Np

29
Q

Used to change AC to DC - only conducts electricity in one direction

A

rectifier

30
Q

Rectifier most used in today’s x-ray circuits

A

Solid state diode

31
Q

Solid-state diode is made up of two semi-conducting crystals

A

P-type and N-type crystals

32
Q

has an abundance of “electron traps

A

P-type crystals

33
Q

has an abundance of freely moving electrons

A

N-type crystals

34
Q

electronics component made from a combination of a P-type and N-type semiconductor material with leads attached to two ends

A

Diode

35
Q

combination of a P-type and N-type semiconductor material

A

p-n junction

36
Q

The lead attached to the n-type semiconductor (negative) is called the:

A

cathode

37
Q

The lead attached to the p-type semiconductor (positive) is the:

A

anode

38
Q

When a voltage source is connected to a diode such that the positive side of the voltage source is on the anode and the negative side is on the cathode, the ____ becomes a conductor and allows current to flow

A

diode

39
Q

a passive element or part of the circuit that implements electrical resistance to reduce current flow among other uses.

A

Resistor

40
Q

a variable resistor that can vary the amount of resistance to a current in a particular part of the circuit thereby controlling the strength of the current.

A

Rheostat

41
Q

In the _____ of the X-ray tube, we are controlling the current that is supplied to the filaments by using a rheostat to change the resistance to the current

A

filament circuit

42
Q

Technologists have direct control of the rheostat through the ______ settings on the control panel.

A

mA or mAs

43
Q

A setting of 100 mA will have _____ the resistance as a setting of 1000 mA

A

10x

44
Q

When various mA settings are selected, the rheostat is used to increase or decrease the amount of ____ to the filament

A

current flow

45
Q

The rheostat in the filament circuit controls the current going to the filament thereby controlling the _____ of the filament.

A

temperature

46
Q

The purpose of the filament circuit is to “boil” off electrons from the filament wire in a process referred to as ______

A

thermionic emission

47
Q

rheostat controls the _____ in the filament circuit and filament

A

resistance

48
Q

A device that regulates the length of time the electrons are allowed to cross the tube and, therefore, the time x-rays are produced to create a radiographic image

A

Exposure timer

49
Q

For any given exposure, the number of X-rays that reach the IR is directly related to:

A

X-ray tube current and the time that the tube is energized

50
Q

When the timer reaches its limit and opens a switch, flow through the _____ stops thereby stopping power to the tube

A

primary circuit

51
Q

Four basic types of exposure timers:

A

Synchronous, electric, mAs, AEC

52
Q

this timer is based on a synchronous motor which is a specialized motor designed to turn a shaft at exactly 60 cycles or revolutions per second.

A

Synchronous timer

53
Q

Timing circuit based on the time required to charge a capacitor through a variable resistor

A

Electric timer

54
Q

special kind of electronic timer that monitors the product of mA and exposure time and terminates the exposure when the desired mAs value is attained.

A

mAs timer

55
Q

Because the mAs timer must monitor actual tube current, it is usually located on the ____ of the high voltage (step-up) transformer

A

Secondary side

56
Q

A timing device that measures the amount of radiation that reaches the IR

A

AEC

57
Q

Another term for AEC

A

Phototimer

58
Q

Most AEC’s use a ____ that is situated between the patient and the IR thereby making the patient that determines exposure length

A

flat panel ionization plate (or chamber)

RADT 181 - Phys. 3 (4 decks)

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