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RADT 181 - Phys. 3 > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

The type of current in which electrons alternate direction of flow as the electric potential switches back and forth

A

Alternating current

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2
Q

The SI unit for current or amount of charge per second, or how many electrons are flowing past a particular point in the current in 1 second

A

Ampere (Amp)

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3
Q

The SI unit of measurement for frequency; 1 ___ is defined as 1 cycle per second

A

Hertz

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4
Q

Acts in the same manner as a fuse. If the current flowing through it rises above a certain level, the ______ flips its internal switch to open the circuit and stop the electric flow.

A

Circuit breaker

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5
Q

A metal or other substance with electrons that are free to produce a current

A

Conductor

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6
Q

One of three forms of electrification of an object; occurs by touching the object so that the charge transfers to it

A

Contact

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7
Q

The SI unit equal to the electrical charge of 6.25 x 10^18 electrons

A

Coulomb (C)

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8
Q

Formula for finding C

A

C = J/V

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9
Q

SI unit for energy or work

A

Joule (J)

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10
Q

Formula for finding J

A

J = V(C)

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11
Q

SI unit of electromotive force; measures the different potential energy that exists between one point and the other

A

Volts (V)

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12
Q

Formula for finding V

A

V=J/C

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13
Q

Measures the energy potential that a given circuit can provide

A

Volts

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14
Q

The unit of measurement for electric potential; the difference in electric potential between two points.

A

Voltage

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15
Q

Measures how much “pressure” there is in an electric circuit.

A

Voltage

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16
Q

The [higher/lower] the voltage, the more electrical current will flow in the circuit.

A

Higher

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17
Q

The amount of energy (in Joules) that an electrical device (such as a light) is burning per second that it’s running

A

Watts (W)

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18
Q

1 ___ = 1 Joule per second

A

Watt

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19
Q

A statement in physics: the force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them

A

Coulomb’s Law

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20
Q

Ihe intensity of electromagnetic radiation (I.E. light or x-rays) diminishes by a factor of the square of the distance from its source

A

Inverse square law

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21
Q

Symbolized by (I) and measured in amps (A). It’s the quantity of electrons (“electrical charge”) flowing past a point in a circuit over a given time

A

Current

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22
Q

The type of current that flows in only one direction; the current produced by batteries

A

Direct current

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23
Q

The closed pathway of an electric current.

A

Electric circuit

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24
Q

Potential energy per unit charge. In a battery, for example, many electrons are crowded together at the negative battery terminal. The potential is the difference between the energy per charge at the negative end and the energy per charge at the positive end

A

Electric potential

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25
Q

The principles of electrical charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

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26
Q

The principles of nonmoving electrical charges

A

Electrostatics

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27
Q

A section of special wire, usually encased in glass, that quickly melts if the current flowing through it rises too high

A

Fuse

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28
Q

Something that is able to absorb electrical charges

A

Ground

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29
Q

A process of connecting an electrical device to the earth using a conductor

A

Grounding

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30
Q

Any charged object can be neutralized if it is grounded as a ____ charged object will take on electrons from the earth and ____ charged objects will give off electrons to the earth until it is neutrally charged

A

positively; negatively

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31
Q

The condition of an object that has gained a charge through friction, contact, or induction

A

Electrification

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32
Q

Three modes in which objects can be electrified

A

friction, contact, induction

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33
Q

Electrons are rubbed away from one object and deposited on another (shuffling your feet on carpet)

A

Friction

34
Q

When a charged object touches an uncharged object which then acquires the same charge (a shock when your finger touches a doorknob)

A

Contact

35
Q

Happens when an uncharged metallic object experiences a shift in electrons when it is brought into the electric field of a charged object

A

Induction

36
Q

A substance that does not conduct electric current because its electrons are bound within the molecules and cannot freely move

A

Insulators

37
Q

The SI unit for resistance, shown by the Greek letter omega

A

Ohm

38
Q

The ability of an element in a circuit to resist the flow of electricity by reducing or impeding it

A

Resistance

39
Q

The amount of resistance of a conductor depends on four things:

A

Material, length, cross- sectional area, temperature

40
Q

Resistance is directly related to the ___ of the conductor

A

length

41
Q

___ materials have virtually no free electrons (insulators) unlike good conducting materials (metals)

A

Resistant

42
Q

A conductor with a large ____ will have a lower resistance because there is Aa greater external surface area on which the electrons can travel

A

cross-sectional area

43
Q

In metallic conductors, resistance is directly proportional to ____

A

temperature

44
Q

The energy of an object in motion

A

Kinetic energy (KE)

45
Q

The energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.

A

Mechanical energy

46
Q

____ can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position)

A

Mechanical energy

47
Q

Stored energy

A

potential energy

48
Q

The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons

A

strong nuclear force

49
Q

the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of _____

A

thermal energy

50
Q

the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one meter per second squared

A

Newton

51
Q

Like charges ___, unlike charges ___

A

repel; attract

52
Q

Reside only on the outside surface of conductors

A

Electric charges

53
Q

The concentration of charges on a curved surface is ____ where the curvature is greatest

A

greatest

54
Q

Only ___ charges (electrons) are free to move

A

negative

55
Q

If a radiographer stands 5 m from an X-ray tube and the exposure rate of 4 mR/hr, what will the intensity (exposure rate) be @ 10 m from the X-ray tube?
A) 1 mR/hr
B) 16 mR/hr

A

A

56
Q

The [x] states that the intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of the x-rays and the object

A

Inverse Square Law

57
Q

To apply the inverse square law, one must know:

A

Two distances and one intensity

57
Q

T/F: The number of electrons in a Coulomb can be expressed numerically as 6.022X1023

A

False

58
Q

T/F: An “open circuit” allows for the free flow of electrons without resistance or stoppage

A

False

59
Q

Hertz is the SI unit of measurement for frequency (abbreviated Hz); 1 Hz is defined as:

A

1 cycle per second

60
Q

T/F: The free flow of electrons across a conductor is referred to as Voltage

A

False

61
Q

mass of the object multiplied by its velocity

A

Momentum

62
Q

mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration.

A

Force

63
Q

subtract the initial velocity of an object from its final velocity and dividing that value by the time used.

A

Acceleration

64
Q

distance traveled, divided by the time necessary to cover that distance

A

Velocity

65
Q

another name for velocity

A

Speed

66
Q

rate of change of velocity with distance

A

Acceleration

67
Q

resistance to a change in motion

A

Inertia

68
Q

SI unit of measure for length

A

Meter

69
Q

SI unit of measure for time

A

Second

70
Q

Unit of energy

A

joule

71
Q

unit of electric potential

A

kVp

72
Q

fundamental unit of force

A

Newton

73
Q

unit of measurement that is the same for all systems

A

second

74
Q

Matter is composed of all of the following except:
-Mass
-Molecules
-Ion pairs
-Atoms

A

Ion pairs

75
Q

Energy in a stored state

A

potential energy

76
Q

What standard system of units has been adopted by all countries and is used in all branches of science?

A

International System of Units (SI)

77
Q

When did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discover x-rays?

A

November 8th, 1895

78
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

kilogram

79
Q

When objects gain either a net positive or a net negative charge

A

Electrification

80
Q

Coulombs/second

A

Amperes

81
Q

Formula for resistance:

A

R (resistance)= V (voltage)/I (current)

RADT 181 - Phys. 3 (4 decks)

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