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w.RADT 181: Fundamentals III > x-ray circuit > Flashcards

x-ray circuit Flashcards

1
Q

the basic “on/off” switch connected to the power supply of the facility

A

main power switch

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2
Q

A device that acts in the same manner as a fuse. If the current flowing through it rises above a certain level, the _____________ flips its internal switch to open the circuit and stop the electric flow

A

circuit breaker

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3
Q

a circuit breaker acts in the same manner as a _______

A

fuse

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4
Q

A device that raises or lowers voltage in the primary circuit

A

auto transformer

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5
Q

how does an auto transformer work?

A

the wire is wound ly once around the magnetic core which functions as both the primary and secondary coils and operates on the principle of self-induction

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6
Q

A circuit made up of a mechanical or electronic device whose action is to start and stop the high voltage across the x-ray tube. It is nearly which section?

A

timer circuit; the primary section

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7
Q

A device in the primary circuit that raises voltage to the kilovolt level needed to power the x-ray tube

A

step-up transformer

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8
Q

in a step-up transformer, the primary coil is in the _________ circuit, the secondary coil in the ______________ circuit

A

primary, secondary

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9
Q

components of the primary circuit

A

timer circuit, step-up transformer, main power switch, circuit breaker, autotransformer

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10
Q

components of the secondary circuit

A

mA meter, rectifiers, x-ray tube (except filaments)

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11
Q

three main sections of the x-ray circuit

A

primary circuit, secondary circuit, filament circuit

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12
Q

A device placed in the tube circuit and used to monitor x-ray tube current

A

mA meter

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13
Q

A device that converts alternating current to direct current by allowing the current to flow through it in only one direction

A

rectifier

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14
Q

a rectifier converts ____________________________ by allowing the current to flow through it in only one direction

A

alternating current to direct current

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15
Q

An appliance for regulating the resistance and thus controlling the amount of current entering an electric circuit

A

rheostat

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16
Q

A device included in the filament circuit to lower the voltage to the filament

A

step down transformer

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17
Q

filament circuit components

A

rheostat, step down transformer, filaments

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18
Q

transformers will increase or decrease ___________

A

voltage

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19
Q

what are the three transformers used in the x-ray circuit?

A

autotransformer, step-up transformer, step-down transformer

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20
Q

A facility is generally only supplied with ___________

A

220V or 440V

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21
Q

what is the equation for the transformer law?

A

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np (where V=voltage and N=number of turns; s=secondary coil and p=primary coil)

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22
Q

if there are more turns in the secondary coil than the primary coil, Voltage in the secondary coil will ________ (_________ transformer)

A

increase, step-up

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23
Q

If there are less turns in the secondary coil than the primary coil, voltage in the secondary coil will __________ (________ transformer)

A

decrease, step-down

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24
Q

primary side of the autotransformer faces the __________; secondary side is the ____________

A

power source; opposite side

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25
Q

taps connected to the autotransformer are always on the _____________

A

secondary side

26
Q

autotransformer is controlled by the ____________

A

kVp on the control panel

27
Q

in an autotransformer, a series of taps connected to the secondary side allows for the __________________ to be adjusted which then adjusts the _____________

A

number of turns used; output charge

28
Q

When the radiographer selects a kVp, he/she determines ________________________- on the secondary side of the autotransformer and with it, the output voltage that will then be applied to the ______________ of the step-up transformer.

A

the number of turns to be included; primary side

29
Q

what is the approximate constant increase in an autotransformer?

A

500x

30
Q

step-up transformer is also called the _____________

A

high-tension transformer

31
Q

Used to increase volts from the autotransformer to levels suitable for the creation of X-rays

A

step-up transformer

32
Q

what is the dividing line between the primary and secondary circuit?

A

step-up transformer

33
Q

can you adjust the step-up transformer?

A

no

34
Q

step-down transformer is also called the ____________

A

filament transformer

35
Q

Used to control the degree and duration that the filament is heated

A

step-down transformer

36
Q

The step-down transformer reduces the voltage that is supplied to the _____________________________

A

fine, more delicate filament wires

37
Q

in the step-down transformer, because we are more concerned with the current (mA) running to the filament, the ___________ of this transformer is considered more than the ______________

A

output current, voltage

38
Q

energy can neither be created or destroyed. The total energy of an isolated system remains constant

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

39
Q

Ohm’s law equation

A

V = (I)(R); Voltage = (Amps)(Resistance or Ohms)

40
Q

what is the equation to calculate the output current of a transformer

A

Ip/Is = Ns/Np (where I=current and N=number of turns)

41
Q

To change the AC current to DC current, a device called a ___________ is used

A

rectifier

42
Q

Although transformers in an X-ray circuit need _____ to work, the X-ray tube needs a _______________ to keep the current flow going from the anode to the cathode and electron flow from the cathode to the anode.

A

AC, direct current

43
Q

a device that only conducts electricity in ___________________________

A

one direction, “a one-way door”

44
Q

the rectifier most used today’s x-ray circuits is the ___________________

A

solid-state diode

45
Q

two types of solid-state diodes

A

P-type crystals, N-type crystals

46
Q

crystal that has an abundance of “electron traps”

A

P type crystals

47
Q

crystal that has an abundance of freely moving electrons

A

N type crystals

48
Q

when viewing a symbol for the solid state diode, the triangle is pointing in the direction of (electron flow/current flow)

A

current flow (electrons flow in the opposite way)

49
Q

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a P-type and N-type semiconductor material, known as a _____________

A

p-n junction

50
Q

when a diode doesn’t allow current flow in the “reverse” direction, it is called a ________

A

an insulator

51
Q

p-type is on the __________ side
n-type is on the ___________ side

A

p-type is on the anode side
n-type is on the cathode side

52
Q

a passive element or part of the circuit that implements electrical resistance to reduce current flow among other uses

A

resistor

53
Q

with a rheostat, a setting of 100 mA will have ____________________________________-

A

ten times the resistance as a setting of 1000 mA

54
Q

The purpose of the filament circuit is to “boil off” electrons from the filament wire in a process referred to as thermionic emission

A

thermionic emission

55
Q

the rheostat controls the resistance in the _____________________ which in turn controls the amount of heating and number of electrons boiled off through thermionic emission

A

filament circuit and filament

56
Q

A device that regulates the length of time the electrons are allowed to cross the tube and, therefore, the time x-rays are produced to create a radiographic image

A

exposure timer

57
Q

exposure timers are usually located in the _______________

A

primary circuit

58
Q

this timer is based on a synchronous motor which is a specialized motor designed to turn a shaft at exactly 60 cycles or revolutions per second

A

synchronous timers

59
Q

very sophisticated and accurate and most commonly used today. Timing circuit based on the time required to charge a capacitor through a variable resistor

A

electric timers

60
Q

special kind of electronic timer that monitors the product of mA and exposure time and terminates the exposure when the desired mAs value is attained

A

mAs timer

61
Q

A timing device that measures the amount of radiation that reaches the IR. It automatically shuts off the exposure when the required amount of radiation intensity, Also known as a ____________

A

AEC timer, phototimer

w.RADT 181: Fundamentals III (8 decks)

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