review doc Flashcards
the type of current in which electrons alternate direction of flow as the electric potential switches back and forth
alternating current
The SI unit for current flow
Ampere (amp, A)
amount of charge per second, or how many electrons are flowing past a particular point in the current in 1 second
ampere
1 AMP (A) equals __________________
1 coulomb (C) flowing by in 1 second
The SI unit of measurement for frequency
Hertz
1 Hz is defined as ____________________
1 cycle per second
acts in the same manner as a fuse. If the current flowing through it rises above a certain level, the ____________ flips its internal switch to open the circuit and stop the electric flow.
circuit breaker
A metal or other substance with electrons that are free to produce a current
conductor
The SI unit equal to the electrical charge
Coulomb
how many electrons in a Coulomb?
of 6.25 x 10^18 electrons
C = _________
J/V
The SI unit of electromotive force
volts
measure the different potential energy that exists between one point and the other. This measures the energy potential that a given circuit can provide
volts
volts can also be seen as a ratio of ___________________________
potential energy to charge
The higher the voltage, the _______ electrical current will flow in the circuit. It is a measure of Potential Difference
more
A ________ is the amount of energy (in Joules) that an electrical device (such as a light) is burning per second that it’s running.
watt
1 Watt = ______
J/s
the force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is directly proportional to the _____________________ and inversely to the ___________________________________
product of the charges, square of the distance between them
current is symbolized by (___) and measured in __________ (__).
(I), amps (A)
the quantity of electrons (“electrical charge”) flowing past a point in a circuit over a given time
current
The type of current that flows in only one direction
direct current
batteries produce ____________
direct current
The closed pathway of an electric current.
electric circuit
The principles of electrical charges in motion
electrodynamics
The principles of nonmoving electrical charges
electrostatics
a section of special wire, usually encased in glass, that quickly melts if the current flowing through it rises too high
fuse
Something that is able to absorb electrical charges
ground
Any charged object can be neutralized if it is grounded as a positively charged object _________________ from the earth and negatively charged objects ______________________ to the earth until it is neutrally charged
will take on electrons, will give off electrons
The condition of an object that has gained a charge through friction, contact, or induction
electrification
A substance that does not conduct electric current because its electrons are bound within the molecules and cannot freely move
insulators
The SI unit for resistance
Ohm (shown by omega Ω)
V = ________________
IxR; current x resistance
I = ________
V/R; voltage/resistance
R = ________
V/I; voltage/current
The ability of an element in a circuit to resist the flow of electricity by reducing or impeding it
resistance
the amount of resistance of a conductor depends on four things
material, length, cross-sectional area, temperature
resistant materials have _________________ (insulators) unlike good conducting materials (metals)
virtually no free electrons
long conductor has (more/less) resistance
more
A conductor with a large cross-sectional area will have (lower/higher) resistance because there is a greater external surface area on which the electrons can travel
lower
in metallic conductors, temperature is _______________________ to resistance.
directly proportional
as temperature increases, resistance _________
increases
The energy of an object in motion
kinetic energy (KE)
the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position
mechanical energy
Mechanical energy can be ______________
either kinetic or potential
Stored energy
potential energy (PE)
The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons
strong nuclear force
the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature
thermal energy
__________ is the flow of thermal energy
heat
the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one meter per second squared
newton
1 N=_____________
1 kg(m/s2)
