x-ray Flashcards
Steeple Sign
Croup
Airway narrowing
Scoliosis
PA & AP Views
Side-side spine
Kyphosis
Lateral Views
Front to back curvature
Barrel Chest - COPD
Barrel Chest
Kyphosis
Increased AP diameter
Bone Sclerosis
Increased Density of Bone
Appears more white
Bone Lytic Lesions
Decreased Density of Bone
Appears less white
Rib Notching
Superior or Inferior surface jagged (not smooth)
Coarctation of Aorta - Inferior rib notching
Cervical Rib
Extra 7th vertebrae
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Air within subcutaenous tissue
Cardiomegaly
Cardiothoracic Ration > 50%
Max hozn. cardiac width / Max horz. thoracic width
Double Density Sign
Two borders seen on right side of heart - one RA, one LA
LA Enlargement
Water Bottle Sign
Pericardial Effusion
PA View
Oreo Cookie Sign
Pericardial Effusion
Lateral View
Hilar Overlay Sign
Shows Hilar Enlargement
Differentiates hilar mass posterior or anterior to it
mass from hilum - vessels not visible
mass not from hilum - vessels visible through hilum
Subtle Vertical Line
no lung markings laterallY
Pneumothorax
Expiration displays easier
Deep Sulcus Sign
Pronounced (deep) costrophrenic sulcus
Pneumothorax
AP film of semi-recumbent patient
Lateral Decubitus View
Lay on side of effusion
Asses free flowing vs loculated effusion
Chilaidti’s Sign
Gas between liver and diaphragm
Haustral folds differentiate from pneumoperitoneum
Alveolar Opacities (Airspace) Cardiogenic vs. Non-Cardiogenic P. Edema
- Air Bronchograms
- Perebronchial Cuffing
- Kerley A&B Lines
- Cephalization
- Bat Wing Pattern
Kerley A Lines
Diagonal
Unbranching
Extend from Hilum
2-6 cm
Kerley B Lines
Horizontal
Thin, faint
Bases of lung periphery
More common
Cephalization
Increased visibility of pulmonary vessels at Lung Apices & Bases
Due to Increased LA Pressure
Bat Wing’s Pattern
Bilateral, peri-Hilar concentration of opacification
Silhouette Sign
Loss of normally visible border of intrathoracic structure caused by an adjacent pulmonary denisty
helps identify lobe of causation of pneumonia
Spine Sign
Abnormal increase in opacification overlying the spine, while moving superior –> Inferior on Lateral view
Suggests Lower Lobe Opacities/Infiltrates
Cannot tell if L or R lobe on Lateral view !!
Hampton’s Sign
Wedge or dome shaped plural-based opacity due to lung infarction
Pulmonary Embolism
Westmark’s Sign
Focal reduction in appearance of lung markings
Pulmonary Embolism
Fleishner’s Sign
Prominent central pulmonary artery caused by distention of vessel due to PE
Pulmonary Embolism
Justaphrenic Peak Sign
Seen in Lobar Atelectasis
- Upper Lobe collapse
Luftsichel Sign
LUL Collapse
- Portion of LLL interposed between the collapsed LUL and Aortic Arch
