x-ray

Question 1

Steeple Sign

Answer 1

Croup

Airway narrowing

Question 2

Scoliosis

Answer 2

PA & AP Views

Side-side spine

Question 3

Kyphosis

Answer 3

Lateral Views
Front to back curvature

Barrel Chest - COPD

Question 4

Barrel Chest

Answer 4

Kyphosis

Increased AP diameter

Question 5

Bone Sclerosis

Answer 5

Increased Density of Bone

Appears more white

Question 6

Bone Lytic Lesions

Answer 6

Decreased Density of Bone

Appears less white

Question 7

Rib Notching

Answer 7

Superior or Inferior surface jagged (not smooth)

Coarctation of Aorta - Inferior rib notching

Question 8

Cervical Rib

Answer 8

Extra 7th vertebrae

Question 9

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Answer 9

Air within subcutaenous tissue

Question 10

Cardiomegaly

Answer 10

Cardiothoracic Ration > 50%

Max hozn. cardiac width / Max horz. thoracic width

Question 11

Double Density Sign

Answer 11

Two borders seen on right side of heart - one RA, one LA

LA Enlargement

Question 12

Water Bottle Sign

Answer 12

Pericardial Effusion

PA View

Question 13

Oreo Cookie Sign

Answer 13

Pericardial Effusion

Lateral View

Question 14

Hilar Overlay Sign

Answer 14

Shows Hilar Enlargement
Differentiates hilar mass posterior or anterior to it

mass from hilum - vessels not visible

mass not from hilum - vessels visible through hilum

Question 15

Subtle Vertical Line

no lung markings laterallY

Answer 15

Pneumothorax

Expiration displays easier

Question 16

Deep Sulcus Sign

Answer 16

Pronounced (deep) costrophrenic sulcus

Pneumothorax

AP film of semi-recumbent patient

Question 17

Lateral Decubitus View

Answer 17

Lay on side of effusion

Asses free flowing vs loculated effusion

Question 18

Chilaidti’s Sign

Answer 18

Gas between liver and diaphragm

Haustral folds differentiate from pneumoperitoneum

Question 19

Alveolar Opacities (Airspace)
Cardiogenic vs. Non-Cardiogenic P. Edema

Answer 19

1. Air Bronchograms
2. Perebronchial Cuffing
3. Kerley A&B Lines
4. Cephalization
5. Bat Wing Pattern

Question 20

Kerley A Lines

Answer 20

Diagonal
Unbranching
Extend from Hilum
2-6 cm

Question 21

Kerley B Lines

Answer 21

Horizontal
Thin, faint
Bases of lung periphery
More common

Question 22

Cephalization

Answer 22

Increased visibility of pulmonary vessels at Lung Apices & Bases

Due to Increased LA Pressure

Question 23

Bat Wing’s Pattern

Answer 23

Bilateral, peri-Hilar concentration of opacification

Question 24

Silhouette Sign

Answer 24

Loss of normally visible border of intrathoracic structure caused by an adjacent pulmonary denisty

helps identify lobe of causation of pneumonia

Question 25

Spine Sign

Answer 25

Abnormal increase in opacification overlying the spine, while moving superior –> Inferior on Lateral view

Suggests Lower Lobe Opacities/Infiltrates

Cannot tell if L or R lobe on Lateral view !!

Question 26

Hampton’s Sign

Answer 26

Wedge or dome shaped plural-based opacity due to lung infarction

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 27

Westmark’s Sign

Answer 27

Focal reduction in appearance of lung markings

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 28

Fleishner’s Sign

Answer 28

Prominent central pulmonary artery caused by distention of vessel due to PE

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 29

Justaphrenic Peak Sign

Answer 29

Seen in Lobar Atelectasis

- Upper Lobe collapse

Question 30

Luftsichel Sign

Answer 30

LUL Collapse

- Portion of LLL interposed between the collapsed LUL and Aortic Arch