WWII: The Holocaust Flashcards
Who was Hitler?
Chancellor of Germany
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
1933
What is persecution?
The cruel or ill treatment of a person
What is racial persecution?
Persecuting someone on the grounds of their appearance
What is religious persecution?
Persecuting someone on the grounds of their religious beliefs
What is hostility, prejudice or discrimination against Jews known as?
Antisemitism
How long have Jews been persecuted for?
Centuries
What year were the Nuremberg Laws enacted?
1935
What are the Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg laws acted as a way to strip German Jews of their rights. They removed citizenship from German Jews and forbid them to marry Aryan Germans
What year was Kristallnacht?
1938
What does Kristallnacht mean?
Night of the Broken Glass
What is Kristallnacht?
A Jewish man shot a Nazi in the German Embassy in Paris
Attacks on Jewish property and businesses began on the night of the 9th November
Hitler fined the Jewish population 1 billion Reichsmarks as compensation for the damage.
The fact that there was no international intervention meant that violence against the Jews escalated even further as there were no repercussions.
What is a ghetto?
Part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups
What were conditions like in the ghettos?
Poor. People died of starvation and disease regularly.
Ghettos were often sealed off from the outside with only one point of entry.
What was the Warsaw Ghetto like?
In Poland
More than 400,000 people lived there
Was one of the biggest ghettos
Over 70,000 died of starvation and disease
300,000 were taken to concentration camps and murdered
An uprising left 10,000 dead.
What was the Kaunus Ghetto like?
In Lithuania
Around 30,000 people lived there
They were mainly Jews from Kaunus
10,000 were shot in October 1941
In 1943, the ghetto was turned into a concentration camp.
Most were shot or sent to other concentration camps.
What is a concentration camp?
Where people were held against their will. There was often an element of hard labour within this imprisonment
What is an extermination camp?
A place that minority groups or enemies of the state were sent for the purpose of being killed.
What were the Einsatzgruppen?
Paramilitary death squads responsible for killing people in concentration and extermination camps.
What was Auschwitz-Birkenau like?
Located in Poland near Krakow
It was a concentration/death camp
Many medical experiments took place here
Auschwitz was the concentration camp
Birkenau was the extermination camp
Over 1 million people died here
What types of resistance against the Holocaust were there?
Armed resistance
Rescuing Jews
Recording Nazi crimes
Preserving culture
Sustaining morale
Explain the secret school in Kaunus
Established in 1941
Secret schools were opened and banned repeatedly.
Children taught normal lessons and Jewish culture.
It was mainly aimed at preserving education and Jewish culture
In 1944, any remaining children in the Kaunus ghetto were killed.
Explain the Warshaw Ghetto Uprising
Most famous ghetto uprising
An armed rebellion against the Nazis in 1943 to stop deportations to Treblinka death camp.
Led by the Jewish Fighting Organisation
The revolt lasted from 19th April 1943 - 16th May 1943
Why did people get involved in the Holocaust?
There were many different reasons from the hatred of the Jews to fear for their own lives.
Children were given Race Lessons in which they were taught the inferiority of the Jewish race and therefore it was ingrained in many people.
