WWI, WWII Flashcards
What led to the Serbia & Austria-Hungarian war?
Austria- Hungary gave Serbia an ultimatum to end all the anti-Austrian organizations, but Serbia did not agree
Who did Austria-Hungary seek assistance to during the Serbia & Austria-Hungarian war. Who was Serbia aided by. Who did Germany declare war on. Who did Britain declare war on. Who did Austria declare war on.
Seeked assistance from Germany. Serbia was aided by Russia. Germany declared war on Russia & France. Britain declared war on Germany. Austria declared war on Russia.
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
The Great War led to the downfall of which four monarchies
Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Map result of Great War
Created a new map with major changes around Eurasia
Paris Peace Conference
- United States, France, Great Britain, and Italy.
- Italy was not happy about the aftermath of the Great War & did not get the territories promised to them
- Different POVs on how to reach peace
- Woodrow Wilson pushed for principles in the Fourteen Points (desired to create a League of Nations where countries can talk about current events together)
- nations agreed to join (U.S. senate voted against joining & were against the Treaty of Versailles, a peace treaty with Germany)
What did the Treaty of Versailles do?
Made Germany pay for all the damage done during the war, give up its colonies, and restrict the size of its armed forces.
What caused the creation of the Nazi Party?
Deep hatred for the German Republic after the Treaty of Versailles
What did the British refuse to allow the Egyptians to do?
Refused to allow them to proclaim Egyptian independence
What did the refusal for Egyptian Independence result in
National liberation movement (resistance to colonial domination)
National liberation movement
Resistance to colonial domination
Why did Russia ally with France and Britain?
Due to the fear of Germany’s growing economic and military power
Why did Britain ally with the triple entente?
Due to Germany‘a desire to build a back to threaten Britain’s control over the oceans
Central powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
How did imperialist rivalries contribute to the coming of war
Caused a further division between two alliances
What destroyed Russia’s tsarist regime
German forces destroying the Russian army which produces Russia weak and the tsar of Russia (Nicholas II) poor handling of the army
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator
Armenian genocide
After the Ottoman Empire entered the war on Germany’s side, Turk leaders launched an assault against Armenians
What pandemic occurred after the Great War? What resulted after.
Influenza pandemic that led to the Great Depression
Georges Clemenceau
(French) encouraged a peace conference to force Germans to pay reparations to France and other nations. Desire to reduce the size of Germany and share its resources
David Lloyd George
(British) feared that with a reduced Germany, the spread of a communist revolution would be born. Attempted to compromise with Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson to with reparations from Germany
League of Nations
Mission to maintain world peace (forum to discuss and resolve international disputes)
National congress party
Led Indians to ineptness and governed through the early decades of the post colonial era
Morley-Minto Reforms
Provided educated Indians with opportunities to vote for and serve on local and Indian legislative councils
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
British promises to India (India to self govern)
Rowlatt act
Placed restrictions on Indian civil rights (resulted in protests)
Mohandas Gandhi
Leader of India that turned protests into Indian campaigns against the politicies of the British
Appeasement
Negotiation to prevent war
D Day
Allied invasion of Europe
Eisenhower
US general that commanded operations in Europe and led to the D Day invasion
MacArthur
U.S. general that led forces into the Pacific theater
Nuremberg trials
Ruled who should be punished for violations of human rights
Dinshawai incident
Confrontation between the British and the Egyptians which illustrated British racial arrogance
Balfour declaration
British secretary, lord Balfour promised Zionist leaders the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Wafd Party
Created by Sa’d Zaghlul to provide nationalists with a primary focus of unified action for a hearing
Négritude literary movement
Combatted much racial stereotyping that held the Africans in psychological bondage to the Europeans
Ethiopia
Italians used bombs and poisonous gas on civilians
Axis powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Tripartite pact
Joined axis states and signed one year after WWII to deter the United States from entering the war
Battle of Britain
Battles between Britain and Nazi air attacks. Britain won and Nazis had to abandon British conquest plan
Wannsee conference
Conference to determine the punishment to Jews
Battle of the bulge
Allies invaded Germany from the west Soviet armies from The east
Battle of the coral sea
United States against Japan
United Nations (UN)
Mission to provide a forum for negotiating international disputes, human rights, labor organizations, family relief, agricultural development, womens concerns, etc.
Tehran conference
Allie’s agreed on the invasion of France
Yalta conference
U.S president Franklin Roosevelt pressed the Soviet Union for assistance in fighting Japan
Potsdam
Agreement that the Soviet Union could take over eastern Poland and give the poles eastern Germany
Atlantic charter of 1941
Pact sealing the alliance between the United States and Great Britain
Muslim league
Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah rallied to British cause and won favor from the British for its wartime support. They demanded a separate Muslim state
Convention People’s Party (CCP)
Won concessions from the British
Kenya African Union
Underground organization that formed the land and freedom army and campaigned against the British (rebel movement was defeated)
National liberation front
Mobilized parts of the Arab & Berber population to rebel against French rule and settler dominance
Secret army organization
Settler violence for the Algerian struggle where violence was directed against Arabs, Berbers, and French who favored independence for the colony
Armistice day
Allied advances against central powers forced Germany to surrender
