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10th Grade History Final > WWI > Flashcards

WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

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2
Q

Main Idea-Stage Set

A

In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war

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3
Q

Relevance

A

Entire 20th c resulted from WWI

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4
Q

What was going on prewar?

A

Peace pursuit

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5
Q

Peace pursuit

A

by early 1900s, efforts underway to end war and foster international understanding

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6
Q

Peace pursuit examples

A

Nobel Peace Prize, first Universal Peace conference, first modern olympic games (1896)

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7
Q

Nobel Peace Prize

A

Swedish inventor of dynamite Alfred Nobel saw his own mistaken obituary and said it wasn’t what he wanted to be remembered for

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8
Q

Why was the peace @ the time in Europe described as uneasy?

A

despite the peaceful situation @ the time, several forces were @ work that would help transition europe into war

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9
Q

Nationalism examples

A

Germany building pride as it became industrial leader, France wanted to be leading power and resented German occupation of Alsace and Lorraine, Pan-Slavism and Balkans

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10
Q

Pan-Slavism

A

Russia, largest slavic country, believed responsibility to defend all Slavs, and when Serbia fought w Austria Hungary, Russia stood by Serbia

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11
Q

Balkans

A

A-H worried that the nationalities under its rule would rebel and Ottoman Turkey thought Serbia and Greece, both new nations on borders, were a threat

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12
Q

Imperialism before WWI

A

Africa and parts of Asia were sources of conflict for their raw materials–increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to increase in confrontation

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13
Q

Imperialism define

A

Country increases power and wealth by bringing additional territories under its control

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14
Q

Militarism before wwI

A

As world entered 20c, arms race had begun–by 1914, Germany had greatest increase in buildup, and GB and Germany both increased navies.

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15
Q

Alliances WWI

A

Over time, throughout Europe, countries made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle.

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16
Q

Pre WWI alliances

A

Russia-Serbia, Germany-A-H, Japan-Britain, Britain-France-Belgium, France-Russia

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17
Q

A-H

A

Austria Hungary

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18
Q

Trigger–chain of events

A

Archduke Ferdinand assassinated by Serbian nationalist

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19
Q

What did the assassination trigger?

A

AH declared war on Serbia

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20
Q

What happened when AH declared war on Serbia?

A

Serbia involved Russia

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21
Q

What happened when Serbia involved Russia?

A

Germany declared war on Russia bc of their AH alliance

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22
Q

What happened when Germany declared war on Russia bc of their AH alliance?

A

Russia appealed to France and involved them

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23
Q

What happened when Russia appealed to France and involved them?

A

Germany declared war on France

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24
Q

What happened after Germany declared war on France?

A

Germany invaded Belgium en route to France

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25
Q

What happened when Germany invaded Belgium en route to France?

A

GB declared war on Germany

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26
Q

What pushed E countries to brink of war?

A

Imperialism–Quest for African and Asian colonies–nations wanted as much land as possible. despite berlin conference, tensions mounted

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27
Q

What relationships had developed among E Great Powers by 20th c

A

fierce rivalry

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28
Q

How does nationalism and militarism cause intense competition?

A

each seeking to overpower other

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29
Q

define militarism

A

policy of glorifying military power and building up army

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30
Q

militarism quote

A

“we must build a bigger navy than the enemy will build when he hears we’re building a bigger navy then he’s building”

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31
Q

white man’s burden

A

belief that white colonizer had to impose their civilization on black inhabitants of colonies

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32
Q

Assassination of Ferdinand of AH

A

6/1914 Serbian nationalist gavrilo philip assassinates Ferdinand and wife while visiting sarajevo, bosnia

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33
Q

raw african material

A

rubber, diamonds, palm oil, slaves, fertile land, education

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34
Q

raw african material

A

rubber, diamonds, palm oil, slaves, fertile land, education

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35
Q

forms of imperialism

A

colony, protectorate, sphere of influence

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36
Q

colony + example

A

body of people who settle far from home but maintain homeland ties. somilaland in E Africa French colony once

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37
Q

protectorate + example

A

territory w own internal govt under control of outside power. British one established over Niger river delta.

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38
Q

Sphere of influence + example

A

area in which outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

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39
Q

Kipling–benefit that Westerners bring to non Europeans

A

Economic development, adequate food, med care

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40
Q

Kipling warns his audience not to call too loud on freedom. How might argument of freedom be used against his views?

A

freedom and way of life > gifts of civilization

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41
Q

Kipling paints vivid, unflattering portrait of non-E in his poem. What phrases does he use to convey this?

A

fluttered folk and wild, half devil and half child

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42
Q

Isolationism

A

Allied system only stretches up to protecting yourself in process

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43
Q

Who was practicing Isolationism pre WWI?

A

GB

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44
Q

Alliance system

A

Groups of countries agree to support one another when one is attacked.

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45
Q

Main intention of alliance system

A

main intention to increase security.

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46
Q

Main problem of alliance system

A

problem–can pull everyone into war.

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47
Q

What was sinister about German motives for getting involved in the war?

A

was new and ready to conquer world–knew AH was weak, would help and then attack them

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48
Q

Interesting about French-GB alliance

A

reluctant (“necessity makes strange bedfellows”)

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49
Q

Why did France have cause for concern?

A

Had lost to Germany before, so made alliance w Russia in 1894. approached GB in 1904. Allied as triple entente in 1907

50
Q

What didn’t GB and France challenge each other over?

A

GB wasn’t challenged over Egypt and France over Morocco

51
Q

When did Italy join Germany and AH?

A

1882

52
Q

Why was 6/28 a bad day for the archduke to visit?

A

Bc it was both the date when Serbia had been conquered before and when they had regained freedom–the archduke seemed to be exerting power

53
Q

Main Idea-War Consumes Europe

A

Following Ferdinand assassination, WWI erupts, as nations on both sides rush to defend their allies. Despite Ferdinand’s status as heir to AH empire, primary aggressor was Germany.

54
Q

RELEVANCE-War Consumes Europe

A

war propelled US to new position of international power which it still retains

55
Q

Machine gun

A

increases killing efficiency w automatic reload

56
Q

Tank

A

-protects people inside, shoots

57
Q

U boat

A

-unterseeboat-German sub-like boat

58
Q

Why are airplane fights called dogfights?

A

chasing tails

59
Q

revolutionary weapons used

A

machine guns, tanks, subs, airplanes, poison gas

60
Q

WWI quote

A

“Out of every four men…”

61
Q

How did freedom play a role in the production of the Maxim machine gun?

A

Inventor was rival to Wright bros

He patented machine gun inspired by experiences hunting, using force of recoil to reload

Friend told him to make a pile of money make a device for Europeans to cut their own throats with more efficiency

62
Q

Battle of Somme

A

7/1/1916

No mans land attack by GB, 200,000 soldiers

Germans hid and had good gun tactics, waited for people to enter a killing sone

63
Q

Schlieffen plan

A

Schlieffen Plan-A large part of G army would race west (thru Belgium, who is allied w GB) to defeat France, once they were defeated, race back to east and fight Russia

64
Q

Factors of Schlieffen plan

A

Could be attacked on two fronts

S plan depends on speed

Attack France first, really quickly and get to Paris

Russia’s too big to attack quickly enough

Belgium is allied w GB so got to quickly cut through them to get to France and B is tiny and GB will get involved

65
Q

Who proclaimed neutrality?

A

Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Scandinavian countries, and Woodrow Wilson proclaimed neutrality (won on that

platform,)

66
Q

Establishment of German empire

A

Empire established in 1871 w intention of upstaging GB

67
Q

Why did AH and G prepare to fight France and Russia?

A

AH and G prepared to fight over Balkans with France and Russia

68
Q

By what year was GB on the warpath?

A

1914

69
Q

Battle of Marne

A

At very last minute allies come back and S plan is destroyed
Allies finally defeat Germans in September 1914 after months of being beaten. 2mil men fought and casualties were around 500,000

70
Q

Results of Battle of Marne

A

Results:

German hopes for quick victory in west shattered

Schlieffen plan ruined–major loss

Germany forced to face long costly war on two fronts leading to birth of trench warfare

71
Q

What were conditions like in the trenches

A

Usual awfulness (see handout)

72
Q

What caused US to declare war on Germany?

A

Sinking of Lusitania, cultural ties, zimmerman note

73
Q

Lusitania

A

Germans sink British passenger civilian ship Lusitania, killing about 1000 with u boats
Claimed that US was using ship to send stuff to Britain
Highly probable that it was true but there’s no proof
128 passengers were American
Similar to Pearl Harbor reason for involvement

74
Q

Results of Lusitania

A

G promises to come to surface first to warn passengers to leave
They don’t keep to it
US enters war)

75
Q

What common culture did America share w Britain and France?

A

British language, French democracy

76
Q

Why didn’t some Americans want to support British or Russia?

A

Russian Jewish immigrants and American Jews wouldn’t support czar–pogroms, some German Americans favored Central Powers, Irish Americans resented British domination of Ireland

77
Q

Zimmerman note circumstance

A

early 1917–British intercepted message sent using western union (office in London) from Arthur Zimmerman and revealed in to American govt, intensifying public American anti-German sentiment.

78
Q

Arthur Zimmerman

A

German foreign minister

79
Q

Zimmerman note content

A

that in return for Mexican support Germany would help Mexico reconquer certain territories in New Mexico/Texas/Arizona

80
Q

Why did Russia have to pull out?

A

Communism drama

81
Q

Over There

A

American propaganda encouraging men to draft

82
Q

How long had the war been going on when US joined?

A

3years–total war

83
Q

When did Great War end

A

11/11/1918

84
Q

Results of total war

A

unemployment nearly disappeared. War is
good for economy at beginning Bc it creates jobs. Many foods
were in short supply, compelling govt to turn to rationing.
Govt suppressed anti war activity and censored war news.

85
Q

Propaganda war

A

total war=every citizen involved, so must control public opinion. even in democratic countries, press censored. goal-keep complete casualty figures and discouraging news from causing unnecessary mass panic

86
Q

Types of propaganda

A

Bandwagon, testimonial, plain folks, transfer, fear, logical fallacies, dehumanization, glittering generalities, name calling

87
Q

Bandwagon

A

Everyone’s doing it…do it too

88
Q

testimonial

A

celebrity

89
Q

plain folks

A

identifying w/ everyone

90
Q

transfers

A

associate w unrelated concepts

91
Q

fear

A

scare them into doing it

92
Q

dehumanization

A

eliminate empathy w enemy

93
Q

logical fallacies

A

logic draw conclusions

94
Q

glittering generalities

A

generally accepted virtue employed to stir up emotions, but words are manipulated

95
Q

name calling

A

ties concept to largely perceived negative image

96
Q

Main Idea–an uneasy peace

A

after winning war, allies dictated harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling betrayed.

97
Q

Main Idea–relevance

A

feelings left by peace settlement helped cause WWII

98
Q

What was wrong w Wilson’s 14 points?

A

Not punitive

99
Q

Britain main goal VS

A

make cash back

100
Q

France main goal VS

A

weaken Germany so it could never again threaten France

101
Q

Big Three

A

Britain’s David Lloyd George, France’s Georges Clemenceau, American president Woodrow Wilson

102
Q

Treaty of VS successful

A

no

103
Q

Who rejected the VS

A

US

104
Q

League of Nations

A

International peace organization, membership include allied war power and 32 allied/neutral nations

105
Q

Who was excluded from LoN

A

Germany, Russia`

106
Q

Territorial losses Germany VS

A

Returned A-L to France, French border extended to W bank of Rhine River. Surrenders all overseas colonies in Africa and Pacific

107
Q

A-L

A

Alsace-Lorraine

108
Q

Military restriction Germany VS

A

Germany couldn’t import/make weapons/war material. army size limited, subs forbidden.

109
Q

War Guilt VS

A

Sole German responsibility, required to pay 33b

110
Q

What did Churchill mean when he said allied victory in WWI was “bought so dear as to be indistinguishable from defeat”

A

came at terrible price–entire gen of Europe lost, treasuries drained, farmland towns and villages destroyed, citizens left disillusioned and bitter

111
Q

Winston Churchill

A

GB PM post WWII, undersecretary of navy during WWI

112
Q

Visuals on White Man’s Burden

A

ok

113
Q

Indictment of Germany accusations

A

taught subjects might=right, took every opportunity to expand military, lied, spied, spread rumors, bullied, encouraged AH to start war, refused to negotiate

114
Q

Key Hitler ideas

A

Treaty outrage, Germany was master race of Aryans, stabbed in back by Marxist/Jews during WWI, more living space and leader to restore greatness, social darwinism

115
Q

social darwinism

A

survival of the fittest=racism

116
Q

Was Germany alone in imperialism and militarism?

A

no

117
Q

Who supported AH in desire to punish Serbia? Result?

A

Germany, war

118
Q

problem w L o N

A

verbal sanctions and economic sanctions don’t have power/don’t work, physical sanctions invalid w/o army. all bark, no bite.

119
Q

Examples of book racist attitude

A

21,22 39,40–depicted as savage

120
Q

Specific examples of book painting british as superior

A

A,B,C,D,E,K,N,O,W,I,T

10th Grade History Final (3 decks)

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