WWI

Question 1

Triple Alliance

Answer 1

The alliance of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy (1882–1914).

Question 2

Bloody Sunday

Answer 2

A day in January 1905 on which a massive, peaceful workers’ demonstration was fired on by imperial Russian troops, killing several hundred.

Question 3

Soviet

Answer 3

Russian word for “council,” referring to elected bodies of workers’ delegates in 1905 and 1917; later used to refer to the regime that ruled Russia from 1917 until 1991.
•Council

Question 4

Duma

Answer 4

A Russian council or parliament.

Question 5

Diplomatic Revolution of 1890-1907

Answer 5

The process whereby Bismarck’s diplomacy was reversed and Germany was encircled by France, Russia, and Britain.

Question 6

Triple Entente

Answer 6

The alliance of Britain, France, and Russia (1907–1914).
•Entente
•Friendly understanding

Question 7

Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909

Answer 7

A serious international crisis that tied Austria closer to Germany and provoked an immense eight-year military buildup in Russia.

Question 8

Blank Check

Answer 8

Issued in July 1914, a guarantee that Germany would support any action Austria might take against Serbia in the aftermath of the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
•Backing up for any cause

Question 9

Trench Warfare

Answer 9

A brutalizing, degrading form of combat in which soldiers lived and died fighting in ditches eight feet deep; caused by the stalemate on the Western Front during the Great War.

Question 10

U-boats

Answer 10

German term for “Under-the-Sea-Boats,” or submarines.

Question 11

Zimmermann Note

Answer 11

An effort by a German diplomat to bribe Mexico into an alliance against the United States in 1917; intercepted and decoded by the British, it outraged public opinion in the neutral United States.

Question 12

Provisional Government

Answer 12

A temporary cabinet composed largely of Duma leaders after the tsar of Russia was overthrown in 1917.

Question 13

Petrograd Soviet

Answer 13

A council of deputies elected by workers and soldiers in the capital of Russia in 1917; it struggled for power against the Provisional Government.

Question 14

Bolsheviks 737

Answer 14

Literally, “those in the majority” in the Russian Social Democratic Party after 1903; led by Lenin, they seized power in the October Revolution of 1917 and later became the Soviet Communist Party.

Question 15

Nationalization

Answer 15

The takeover of private properties or enterprises by the national state.

Question 16

Genocide

Answer 16

The deliberate and systematic destruction of an entire race or ethnic group.

Question 17

Reparations

Answer 17

Payments by a country defeated in war to compensate for war damages.

Question 18

Armistice

Answer 18

A temporary cessation of hostilities between warring powers.