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Modern History > Modern Finals > Flashcards

Modern Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

Triple Alliance

A

a defensive pact in which Austria, Italy and Germany each promised to assist the others in the event of unprovoked attack by a third party.

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2
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

an event that stoned Russia’s people. Within months Russia was engulfed in revolution as strikes and demonstrations spread throughout the land. People were leaving their jobs and the industry was being controlled by Soviet.

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3
Q

Soviet

A

council

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4
Q

Duma

A

a promising constitution and an elected parliament issued tsar while ending the war.

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5
Q

Diplomatic Revolution of 1890-1907

A

the process whereby Bismarcks diplomacy was reversed and Germany was encircled by France, Russia and Britain.

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6
Q

Triple Entente

A

The alliance between Britain, France and Russia made to offset the Triple Alliance.

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7
Q

Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909

A

tried not to close Germany and provoked Russia into funding.

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8
Q

blank check

A

a document that would allow Austria to lead Germany into war.

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9
Q

trench warefare

A

A brutalizing, degrading form of combat in which soldiers lived and died fighting in ditches eight feet deep; caused by the stalemate on the Western Front during the Great War.

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10
Q

U-boats

A

submarines, underwater warship; made by the Germans

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11
Q

Zimmermann Note

A

an intercepted effort by German diplomat Arthur Zimmermann to bribe Mexico into and alliance against the U.S.

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12
Q

provisional government

A

a temporary cabinet composed largely of Duma leaders which assumed power until a new constitution could be enacted.

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13
Q

Petrograd Soviet

A

made up of deputies elected by workers and soldiers.

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14
Q

Nationalization

A

forced transfer of private property to state control

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15
Q

genocide

A

The deliberate and systematic destruction of an entire race or ethnic group

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16
Q

reparations

A

payments to compensate the Allies for war damage

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17
Q

armistice

A

A temporary cessation of hostilities between warring powers.

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18
Q

Important weapons during WWII

A

poison gas, machine guns, tanks, U-boats, Navy

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19
Q

Breaking the Stalemate (which countries joined which alliances)

A

Bulgaria and Turkey joined Germany and Austria.

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20
Q

Amistad

A

Stop fighting

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21
Q

How long was the Trench Stystem? From where to where?

A

500 miles

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22
Q

Kaiser for Germany during WWI

A

William II, cousin of Russia and England leaders

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23
Q

Lucitanian ship sank because of?

A

German U-boats

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24
Q

Lucitanian Ship was…?

A

was a British ship that had Americans on it and had guns and cannons

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25
Q

Woodrow Wilson wrote?

A

Fourteen Points

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26
Q

What started WWI?

A

Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Serbian terrorists.

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27
Q

Britain strengthened their __ because they had access to the English Channel.

A

Navy

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28
Q

Japan means?

A

Land of the rising sun

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29
Q

Lebensraum

A

living space for the Nazis. The space was in Poland and Russia.

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30
Q

Appeasment

A

a policy of giving in to a potential aggressor to maintain the peace. It arose not out of cowardice but from sincere desire to avoid another Great War.

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31
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Italian leader who liked Germany and leader of the National Fascist Party. He invaded Ethiopia, hoping to avenge Italy’s defeat at Adowa in 1896. He became friends with Germany to demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations.

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32
Q

Winston Churchill

A

British prime minister who replaced Neville Chamberlain just before the Nazi attack on France. Most important prime minister and was anti-German.

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33
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

leader of the Soviet Union and a dictator. Dismissed the intelligence data concerning Nazi troop movement that Washington and London gave as capitalist lies designed to split the Nazi-Soviet alliance.

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34
Q

Isoroku Yamamoto

A

the Japanese architect who constructed the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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35
Q

Anschluss

A

the union of Austria with Germany who late was run by Hitler in 1938.

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36
Q

Nazi Soviet Pact

A

non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 where by Germany granted the USSR part of Poland and several other territorial adjustments in return for grain, oil and timber

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37
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

a new tactic used by Germany, also called “lightning war.”

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38
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

a General, commander of American forces in the Pacific who read the terms of surrender when thousands of uniformed Japanese personal lined the decks of the US Navy Battleship. Was a mommas boy.

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39
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

chancellor of Nazi Germany who was the leader of the Nazi Party during WWII. Did not win the election but then later did because leader Hindenburg died. Was responsible for genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews which was considered the Holocaust. He committed suicide

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40
Q

Francisco Franco

A

a General who rose in revolt, invading Spain from its own Mediterranean and North African colonies. Dictator of Spain.

41
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

British Prime minister, was desperate to avert another European war that would doubtless involve his country, flew twice to Germany to meet Hitler personally.

42
Q

Jiang Jieshi

A

Chinese president who was faced with overwhelming force, refused to surrender or to mount an all-out resistance.

43
Q

Georgi Zhukov

A

Stalins most successful commander. Led 250,000 Siberian troop reserves to Moscow.

44
Q

Franklin Roosevelt

A

U.S. President at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

45
Q

Reasons countries could go to war:

A

self defense

46
Q

Wannsee Conference

A

was a meeting of senior officials of Nazi Germany held in Berlin on January 20 1942.

47
Q

Luftwaffe

A

the name of the German air force between 1935-1945

48
Q

Rape of Nanjing

A

The Japanese Army’s massacre and abuse of hundreds of thousands of Chinese in Nanjing in December 1937

49
Q

D-day

A

June 6, 1944, Allies invaded France to keep Western Europe from German occupation.

50
Q

Hiroshima

A

The first Japanese to be destroyed by atomic bombing.

51
Q

Chester Nimitz

A

Fleet admiral of the U.S. Navy during WWII.

52
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

“Desert fox,” German field Marshal of WWII, respected by troops and enemies

53
Q

Bernard Law Montgomery

A

British army officer during WWII “Spartan General”

54
Q

Reinhard Heydrich

A

High-ranking German Nazi official during WWII, main architects of the Holocaust.

55
Q

Adolf Eichmann

A

German Nazi SS Obersturnbann Fuhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust.

56
Q

Anne Frank

A

writer, most discussed Jewish victim of the Holocaust, kept a wartime diary

57
Q

Pope Pius XII

A

pope during WWII

58
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

5 star U.S. general in WWII. 34th President

59
Q

Walther Model

A

German field marshal in WWII noted for defensive battles on the eastern and western front.

60
Q

Omar Bradley

A

U.S. field commander in North Africa and Europe during WWI and general

61
Q

George Patton

A

U.S. Army General commanded of the 7th U.S. Army in the Mediterranean and European theaters of WWII

62
Q

Harry Truman

A

Took Roosevelt’s place when he passed in 1945. 33rd President

63
Q

Iron Curtain

A

a barrier that blocked off communism from other parts and other countries

64
Q

Berlin Wall

A

split East and West Berlin; was built in early 1960s by USSR

65
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization between European Countries and the U.S.

66
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Pact with the USSR

67
Q

United Nations (UN)

A

An international peace-keeping body designed to replace the defunct League of Nations in 1945

68
Q

Soviet bloc

A

A post- World War II coalition of Soviet dominated “Satellite” regimes in Poland

69
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

U.S. President Truman’s 1947 proclamation that the U.S. must “Support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

70
Q

Marshal Plan

A

A U.S. economic aid program, European Recovery Program designed to preclude communist expansion by strengthening European economically after WWII.

71
Q

decolonization

A

A process whereby colonized people in Asia and Africa gained independence from Western imperial domination, “liberation movements”

72
Q

ICBM

A

Intercontiental Ballistics Missile. A rocket that is used from one continent to hit another.

73
Q

Summit Conference

A

face to face meeting with worlds most powerful leaders

74
Q

U-2 Affair

A

crash of American spy plane in USSR; big international incident canceling summit conference in Paris.

75
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

confrontation between the US and Soviet Union over presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba

76
Q

MAD

A

Mutual Assured Destruction. a policy of nuclear deterrence based on the assumption that since nuclear war would destroy both sides.

77
Q

Common market

A

The European economic community, a coalition of nations agreeing to reduce tariffs on each others goods to expedite commercial growth.

78
Q

Civil Rights Movement

A

A nationwide campaign for racial equality in the US

79
Q

baby boom

A

A huge amount of births in the US in the two decades following end of WWII.

80
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A

Warsaw’s invasion on Czech Republic. Soviet Union had the right to intervene on other communist countries.

81
Q

detente

A

A relaxation of international tensions

82
Q

SDI

A

Strategic Defense Initiative; “Star Wars” an elaborate space-based missile defense system on which US President Reagan authorized research and development

83
Q

Global Warming

A

A sustained increase in average global temperature, accompanied by fears of impending environmental disaster.

84
Q

Reincarnation

A

you die as a human and come back as an animal. IF you are a good person then you are a good animal and the opposite if you are a bad person.

85
Q

Nirvana

A

The best state that you can be reincarnated into.

86
Q

Fifth Pan-African Congress

A

A meeting in Manchester, England, in 1945 in which several African nationalists announced their intention to create independence movements.

87
Q

apartheid

A

A system of institutionalized racial discrimination established in South Africa in 1948.

88
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Continued economic domination of former colonies by the power that had ruled them before they gained political independence.

89
Q

African National Congress (ANC)

A

An organization founded in South Africa in 1912 by educated African professionals to combat white racial oppression.

90
Q

Zionists

A

followers of Theodor Herzl’s conviction that Jews would always be outsiders in Christian Europe and that they should therefore seek the establishment of a Jewish State.

91
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

Issued in 1917, this statement placed Britain on record in support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

92
Q

Palestinian question

A

A refugee problem created by the displacement of Palestinians during the Israeli War for independence of 1948-1949 and never settled there after.

93
Q

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

A

founded in 1964; a coalition of more than thirty anti-Israeli organizations dedicated to Israel’s replacement by a secular Palestinian state.

94
Q

Islamic modernism

A

A nineteenth century reaction to the challenges posed by technologically advanced European societies; Modernists wanted to reshape Islam along European social and political lines.

95
Q

Islamic Reformism

A

A nineteenth century reaction to the challenges posed by technologically advanced European societies; reformists wanted to revitalize Islam by purifying it religiously and socially.

96
Q

Islamic revival

A

A 1970s reaction to the continued existence of the State of Israel; revivalists denounced materialistic Western values as subversive of Muslim family life and religious authority.

97
Q

Islamist fundamentalism

A

A generic term for movements dedicated to political as well as religious change that view moderate Muslim regimes as excessively cooperative with the West.

98
Q

Intifada

A

“Shaking off” an uprising designed to damage Israeli occupation forces and to call world attention to injustices perpetrated against Palestinians.

99
Q

Persian Gulf War

A

A 1991 conflict in which a 32 nation coalition expelled Iraq from Kuwait and shattered the long-standing Arab refusal to recognize Israel’s right to exist.

Modern History (2 decks)

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