WWI (1914-1918) Flashcards
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Impact of WWI on the Ottoman Empire
Ottomans have to give up colonies, called Mandates. Balkans divided into ethnic states. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the middle east are created.
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Impact of WWI on German Empire
Germany had to take responsibility for the war. Army was reduced to 100k troops and no navy or air force. Gives up mandates, and land to France. Were given war reparations of 33 billion.
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
impact of WWI on Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Could not longer ally with Germany, or it would be automatic war again.
Impact of WWI on Russia
Impact of WWI on the Monarchy
The war goes poorly for Russia and they back out early because the Tsar is removed from office and later assassinated (1917). Tsar wouldn’t pull Russia out of the war, so the Bolsheviks inspired intellectuals and workers to revolt (bloody Sunday 1905)
Impact of WWI on Russia
Impact of WWI on Russian Provisional Government
After Tsar nicholas, there was a provisional democratic government that continued to war. It was unpopular, so the bolsheviks take over. Lenin then promised to remove them from the war, redistribution of land, and promised bread.
Impact of WWI on Russia
Russian Communist Government Actions in WWI
Lenin pulled them out of the war, revolving the russian revolution. Lenin made lower working hours, introduced free education. The bolsheviks change to the Communist party. Created Cheka, the secret police (KGB). Had command economy, and direct financial activities of the country.
Troubles for the Tsar (1894-1917)
Anger over WWI
Nicholas II was negatively impacting russia by continuing the war
Troubles for the Tsar(1894-1917)
Abdication and the Provisional Government
War-related shortages of food and fuel had people upset with Tsar Nicholas and was abdicated. The provisional government was created as a makeshift form of government until a new ruler came to power.
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Lenin’s Goals
Lower working hours to 8, introduce free education for adults, and make evening classes for workers. Promised peace, land, and bread
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Red Guard
They were volunteered armed bands formed of industrial workers during Russian Revolution. Helped Bolsheviks seizing power
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Lenin and WWI
Pulled Russia out of WWI after the Provisional government watched over after the abdication of Tsar nicholas
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Rule under the USSR
Signs peace treaty with Germany, so Germany is now free to send troops to the west. Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. This forced surrender of Russian Baltic and Eastern lands. These become Poland, Estonia, Latvia, ect after they were Germany’s
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
New Economic Plan
Command economy where incomes, production, prices, ect, are determined by the government. They have direct power over finances of the country. Communism.
Causes of WWI
Imperialism
Russia was able to get some states that wanted self-determination, promising to give them land if they allow Russia to rule for a while. AH is able to get lots of land. Other European countries like GB and France were worried about their gaining power.
Causes if WWI
Nationalism in the Balkans
SE Europe, East of Greece, Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia were nationalists and wanted self-determination. They didn’t have freedom like Greeks, and italians. Austria/Hungary said they would protect them from Russia who wanted warm-water ports, making them gain land.
Causes of WWI
Militarism
Germany started with heavy industry to compete with Britain. 1870, GB produced 32% of the world’s industry, but in 1914, Germany slides to near equal with Germany at 14%. They had a naval buildup to control the seas to give them more control (rimland theory). They had a new navy fleet, and mas produce media that fosters aggressive patriotism in citizens.
Causes of WWI
Assassination
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina under the AH empire. He is shot during a parade as the heir to the AH throne in a hotbed of nationalist activities desiring self-sovereignty
Causes of WWI
Alliance system
AH declares war on serbia, and serbia calls on Russian ally who was supporting the pan-slavism movement (advocacy of the union of slavic people). AH calls on Germany ally, and Russia calls on french ally who in turn is allied with Britain.
Causes of WWI
US entry
Declares war on Germany in 1917. They started supplying france and britain with guns and weapons. Germany then attacks US ships that are supplying allies on british passenger ships. It killed 1198 people, 128 were american. Germany sinks 3 more american ships with subs because it had war materials.
Causes of WWI
Wilson’s 14 Points
It was a peace negotiation point where economy was in the tank, GB and France lost a large portion of their people, and wanted to punish germany. Wilson said they have to end the war with peace and without victors, but his idea and negotiation point was ignored.
Colonials in the War
Australian and New Zealand. Japan joined the Triple Entente with Italy in hopes of getting land in German colonies in East Asia.
German Plan for Winning the War and Why it failed
The Schlieffen Plan was to avoid a two front war and quickly take over France and then attack russia next. However, success depended on it working just the way it was designed with no issues. They weren’t prepared to move 180k soldiers, and struggled with preserving peace with alliances, especially when Belgium didn’t allow them passage to France. Britain declares war on Germany after the “Rape of Belgium”. The 1st battle of Marne (1914) was when french find out about the battle plan, and defeat Germans.
Increase in Governmental Power
Economy
Lenin in Russia created a command economy and had direct control over financial activities of the country. Everywhere, in order to support war effort, they don’t produce things they don’t need, people put into war ammunition factories, and rationing.
Increase in Governmental Power
Labor
They employ women in factories since the men were out fighting. Some extra factory workers in unneeded categories were moved into war ammunition factories. Women working caused liberation for upper class women, but there was no change for middle class women. Behind the lines, nurses, and ambulance drivers were mostly women. Government limits strikes, and sets work hours and wages.
