WWI (1914-1918)

Question 1

Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Impact of WWI on the Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

Ottomans have to give up colonies, called Mandates. Balkans divided into ethnic states. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the middle east are created.

Question 2

Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Impact of WWI on German Empire

Answer 2

Germany had to take responsibility for the war. Army was reduced to 100k troops and no navy or air force. Gives up mandates, and land to France. Were given war reparations of 33 billion.

Question 3

Treaty of Versailles (1919)
impact of WWI on Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Answer 3

Could not longer ally with Germany, or it would be automatic war again.

Question 4

Impact of WWI on Russia
Impact of WWI on the Monarchy

Answer 4

The war goes poorly for Russia and they back out early because the Tsar is removed from office and later assassinated (1917). Tsar wouldn’t pull Russia out of the war, so the Bolsheviks inspired intellectuals and workers to revolt (bloody Sunday 1905)

Question 5

Impact of WWI on Russia
Impact of WWI on Russian Provisional Government

Answer 5

After Tsar nicholas, there was a provisional democratic government that continued to war. It was unpopular, so the bolsheviks take over. Lenin then promised to remove them from the war, redistribution of land, and promised bread.

Question 6

Impact of WWI on Russia
Russian Communist Government Actions in WWI

Answer 6

Lenin pulled them out of the war, revolving the russian revolution. Lenin made lower working hours, introduced free education. The bolsheviks change to the Communist party. Created Cheka, the secret police (KGB). Had command economy, and direct financial activities of the country.

Question 7

Troubles for the Tsar (1894-1917)
Anger over WWI

Answer 7

Nicholas II was negatively impacting russia by continuing the war

Question 8

Troubles for the Tsar(1894-1917)
Abdication and the Provisional Government

Answer 8

War-related shortages of food and fuel had people upset with Tsar Nicholas and was abdicated. The provisional government was created as a makeshift form of government until a new ruler came to power.

Question 9

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Lenin’s Goals

Answer 9

Lower working hours to 8, introduce free education for adults, and make evening classes for workers. Promised peace, land, and bread

Question 10

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Red Guard

Answer 10

They were volunteered armed bands formed of industrial workers during Russian Revolution. Helped Bolsheviks seizing power

Question 11

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Lenin and WWI

Answer 11

Pulled Russia out of WWI after the Provisional government watched over after the abdication of Tsar nicholas

Question 12

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Rule under the USSR

Answer 12

Signs peace treaty with Germany, so Germany is now free to send troops to the west. Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. This forced surrender of Russian Baltic and Eastern lands. These become Poland, Estonia, Latvia, ect after they were Germany’s

Question 13

Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
New Economic Plan

Answer 13

Command economy where incomes, production, prices, ect, are determined by the government. They have direct power over finances of the country. Communism.

Question 14

Causes of WWI
Imperialism

Answer 14

Russia was able to get some states that wanted self-determination, promising to give them land if they allow Russia to rule for a while. AH is able to get lots of land. Other European countries like GB and France were worried about their gaining power.

Question 15

Causes if WWI
Nationalism in the Balkans

Answer 15

SE Europe, East of Greece, Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia were nationalists and wanted self-determination. They didn’t have freedom like Greeks, and italians. Austria/Hungary said they would protect them from Russia who wanted warm-water ports, making them gain land.

Question 16

Causes of WWI
Militarism

Answer 16

Germany started with heavy industry to compete with Britain. 1870, GB produced 32% of the world’s industry, but in 1914, Germany slides to near equal with Germany at 14%. They had a naval buildup to control the seas to give them more control (rimland theory). They had a new navy fleet, and mas produce media that fosters aggressive patriotism in citizens.

Question 17

Causes of WWI
Assassination

Answer 17

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina under the AH empire. He is shot during a parade as the heir to the AH throne in a hotbed of nationalist activities desiring self-sovereignty

Question 18

Causes of WWI
Alliance system

Answer 18

AH declares war on serbia, and serbia calls on Russian ally who was supporting the pan-slavism movement (advocacy of the union of slavic people). AH calls on Germany ally, and Russia calls on french ally who in turn is allied with Britain.

Question 19

Causes of WWI
US entry

Answer 19

Declares war on Germany in 1917. They started supplying france and britain with guns and weapons. Germany then attacks US ships that are supplying allies on british passenger ships. It killed 1198 people, 128 were american. Germany sinks 3 more american ships with subs because it had war materials.

Question 20

Causes of WWI
Wilson’s 14 Points

Answer 20

It was a peace negotiation point where economy was in the tank, GB and France lost a large portion of their people, and wanted to punish germany. Wilson said they have to end the war with peace and without victors, but his idea and negotiation point was ignored.

Question 21

Colonials in the War

Answer 21

Australian and New Zealand. Japan joined the Triple Entente with Italy in hopes of getting land in German colonies in East Asia.

Question 22

German Plan for Winning the War and Why it failed

Answer 22

The Schlieffen Plan was to avoid a two front war and quickly take over France and then attack russia next. However, success depended on it working just the way it was designed with no issues. They weren’t prepared to move 180k soldiers, and struggled with preserving peace with alliances, especially when Belgium didn’t allow them passage to France. Britain declares war on Germany after the “Rape of Belgium”. The 1st battle of Marne (1914) was when french find out about the battle plan, and defeat Germans.

Question 23

Increase in Governmental Power
Economy

Answer 23

Lenin in Russia created a command economy and had direct control over financial activities of the country. Everywhere, in order to support war effort, they don’t produce things they don’t need, people put into war ammunition factories, and rationing.

Question 24

Increase in Governmental Power
Labor

Answer 24

They employ women in factories since the men were out fighting. Some extra factory workers in unneeded categories were moved into war ammunition factories. Women working caused liberation for upper class women, but there was no change for middle class women. Behind the lines, nurses, and ambulance drivers were mostly women. Government limits strikes, and sets work hours and wages.

Question 25

Increase in Governmental Power
Propaganda

Answer 25

Propaganda in the entertainment industry to convince people to support the war, and convince people the other groups fighting in the war were bad. British propaganda helped cause americans to be excited to joining the war.

Question 26

Increase in Governmental power
Conscription

Answer 26

There was a draft for the war so the men picked had to go off and fight in the war

Question 27

New Technology and Casualties

Answer 27

Machine guns were used to mow down enemies, leading to mass quantities of death. Mass waves were lines of men racing across the front lines, making it easier to train and control large groups, but led to lots of death. Artillery guns, mustard gas, and barbed wire trapped, shot, and killed soldiers.

Question 28

Trench Warfare

Answer 28

1,000 casualties a day. Battle of Somme led to 1 million or 500,000 lost on each side. Men dig into the ground to avoid machine guns. Were filled with dead rats water, and mud. There was no safety because of artillery shells.

Question 29

Armenian Massacres (1915-1917)

Answer 29

Armenian genocide kills more than 1 million. Armenians were the last major ethnic group under ottomans seeking self-sovereignty against Christians and Muslims. Christian Armenians spark Turkish nationalism. Armenians is branded as internal traitors and caused a murderous rampage. It caused forced mass evacuations because of starvation, dehydration, expose. Government organized massacres such as mass drownings, incineration, and assaults with blunt instruments

Question 30

Spanish Flu

Answer 30

The spanish flu from 1918-1920 was the first influenza pandemic. Spreads around the world with increased trade and troop movements. 50-100 million deaths and 27% of world population was infected

Question 31

Rape of Belgium

Answer 31

millions of belgiums were displaced by German occupation. Lots fled to the netherlands, france and GB. German army made an electrified fence called the Dodendraad that killed escapees. Belgian civilians were deported to germany to prison factories and camps.

Question 32

WWI’s impact on Women

Answer 32

feminism is on the rise. They want the right to vote after war due to war effort. They felt empowered by joining the workforce, but were turned back to conventional roles after the war. Feminism leads to rising literacy and education for women.

Question 33

League of Nations

Answer 33

It was established after the Paris peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It was established between GB and France. Germany and Russia were not involved and the US congress decided against it. It was a peacekeeping organization for stability, but didn’t work well.