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1900-Present > Cold War(1947-1989) > Flashcards

Cold War(1947-1989) Flashcards

1
Q

Decolonization
Peaceful examples

A

The philippines were released from the US after their economy was built up to support itself and westernized. South asia/India that belonged to the british was peacefully given back to the people, but the indian government wasn’t stable for long.

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2
Q

Decolonization
Violent examples

A

Release of Algeria from france, vietnam from france/US, and Angola from the Portuguese, all ended in violence. Angola was the first place European could get slaves from under Portuguese rule. The people of angola had to fight to get independence from the portuguese.

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3
Q

Nationalists Movements in Europe
Northern Ireland

A

Britain had taken over Ireland in the 19th century. Protestants and catholics didn’t see eye to eye, catholics upset protestants were running the country. Scottish/Protestants moved to NI and wanted the UK to keep running Ireland, while Catholics didn’t like the UK making all their decisions, like entering the war. Tension in the 60s lead to violence, and britain giving ireland somewhat autonomy, but nobody was satisfied since protestants and catholics were still intermingled.

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4
Q

Nationalist Movements in Europe
Spain

A

the ETA conflict was an armed political conflict between spain and the basque liberation movement who wanted independence from Spain and France. They speak their own completely different language. The ETA were violent nationalists that caused violent bombings and kidnappings against spain

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5
Q

The United States after WWII
Economy

A

The US was not severely damaged by the war since they had industry in place. They wanted a wealthy/fre world to trade goods with and encourage capitalism. They wanted a free germany so they aren’t susceptible to another dictatorship, and to keep europea safe.

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6
Q

The United States after WWII
Military

A

Large military was already built up from their heavy production of new weaponry and technology. All unnecessary factories were transitioned into military ammunition and technology production sites.

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7
Q

The Soviet Union after WWII
Economy

A

They had a loss of population and decrease in industry. Their war spending and industrialization took a heavy toll on their economy, as well as their community labor and communist regime.

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8
Q

The Soviet Union after WWII
Military

A

They had a large military, and wanted a weak germany since they attacked them twice in the past twenty-five years. They also wanted buffer zones to protect themselves from another outside attack, a reason why they wanted Poland.

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9
Q

Immediate post-war western Europe
Economy

A

There is high unemployment and starvation

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10
Q

Immediate post-war western Europe
Appeal of Communism

A

The appeal of communism spreads from East to West. The government would take over the economy and help bring them up from financial stress.

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11
Q

Immediate Post-war western Europe
Empires

A

Loss of population and money means they can no longer hold onto their colonies.

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12
Q

Immediate Post-war western Europe
Empires

A

Loss of population and money means they can no longer hold onto their colonies.

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13
Q

Red Scare in America

A

Was led by Senator McCarthy, having a fear of the communists take over the US. Tried to get out communists who were said to be soviet conspirators in the 1950s.

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14
Q

Eastern Europe after WWII
Economy

A

High unemployment and starvation

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15
Q

Easter Europe after WWII
Communism

A

Communism is imposed on people because of the government figures such as Stalin

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16
Q

Eastern Europe after WWII
Political Freedom?

A

USSR rules through local leaders and threats, meaning the people have no choice but to listen.

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17
Q

Competing views of germany after WWII
US view

A

Wants a unified, free, and strong germany, not susceptible to another dictator to keep europe safe.

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18
Q

Competing views of germany after WWII
USSR View

A

Wants a weak germany since they attacked the USSR twice in 25 years and wants revenge.

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19
Q

ompeting views of germany after WWII
Berlin Wall (1961)

A

USSR had closed off all routes into Berlin, preventing food and supplies from entering West Berlin. The US send Berlin airlifts from 1948-1949 for eleven months. The wall separated W and E berlin, and was a physical representation of the iron curtain. It stopped E. German defectors.

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20
Q

The Marshall Plan

A

It is ro rebuild european governments to promote stability. The marshall plan was to aid 12.5 billion dollars to european countries that needed help. It turns western Europe around by 1950. The USSR refused Marshall plan and wanted to control eastern EUrope to protect USSR borders and balance US influence in WE. They countered the plan with the molotov plan that promised financial aid to their own country but was never really given.

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21
Q

The Truman Doctrine

A

It was President Truman’s document about how there must be a policy of the US to support free people outside of armed minorities. It also mentioned that they need to block soviet influence and prevent spread of communism with containment. Idea was to create alliances and help weak countries resist/prevent communism. The marshall plan was the financial side of the truman doctrine.

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22
Q

Baby Boom Protests

A

The baby boomer generation protest the government’s emphasis on conformity, “make love not war” since they just got out of one, civil rights, anti-nuces, and lowering the voting age to eighteen.

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23
Q

Youth Movements in America

A

Largest surge from 1968-1969 of liberal movements for women, anti-war, civil rights.

24
Q

Youth Movements in Western Europe

A

There were the baby boom generation protests about government’s emphasis on conformity; liberal movements, civil rights movements, and the red scare (fear of communist from McCarthy.

25
Q

Democratic movements in Eastern Europe

A

Khrushchev wanted to end rule of terror and de”stalin”ized Russia. They removed portraits of stalin, rewrite textbooks to deflate stalin’s rule. This led to Hungarian citizens demanding democracy and breaking of ties with USSR and Warsaw pact. It was a threat to USSR legitimacy. 1956, they sent tanks to Budapest and rushed the uprising that was led by youth/intellectuals.

26
Q

France dislike for the US

A

France leaves Nato(North Atlantic treaty Organization) in 1960s because they resent US power in Europe

27
Q

Yugoslavia Dislike for USSR

A

Yugoslavia threatens to ally with the west in 1948-1980, weakening superpower hegemony(leadership/dominance)

28
Q

China Disslike for USSR

A

China wants more aid than USSR will give, and USSR gives india more aid after invasion of Tibet by China.

29
Q

Monk, Thich Quang Duc

A

The monk, 1963, a vietnamese mahayana buddhist monk burned himself to protest South Vietnamese regime discriminatory Buddhist laws. He hoped to fight forms of oppression. His un-scathed heart became a symbol of compassion. “I respectfully plead to President Diem to take a mind of compassion… and implement religious equality.”

30
Q

Cold War Technology
Atomic Weapons

A

Atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs were used as fear tactics and intimidation, but were never used besides in Japan to end WWII. SUperpowers sell arms to 3rd world companies to gain support. In 1949, the brinkmanship was bringing the world to the near point of full on war, a fewa for the next 50 years.

31
Q

Cold war technology
missile technology

A

Ballistic missiles were so they could target specific places without being detected.

32
Q

Cold war technology
space race

A

The USSR is the first to get an unmanned satellite into space, but the US gets the first men into space in 1969.

33
Q

Military Alliances

A

Because of Nato and the Warsaw pact (collective defence treaty established by the SOviet Union with other E-european countries), Us and Europe were afraid that any amount of violence would cause an all out war within Europe. They were fearful of a nuclear/atomic war on both sides of Europe as a quick strike of the enemy.

34
Q

Proxy Wars
China

A

China had fallen to Communism in 1950 under Mao Zedong. The fall of Japan in 1945 happened previous to this, the civil war in China of nationalists and communists are renewed. Communists are ahead by 1938 and force nationalist leader to flee. Mao Zedong proclaims them the People’s Republic of china in 1949. There was no more imperialis from Europe and ally with USSR.

35
Q

Proxy Wars
Korea (1950-1953)

A

At the end of WWII, Korea is divided between soviets and the US along the 38th parallel. SOviets arm north koreans and they invade south, determined to unite the peninsula. Turman sees this as an example of soviet aggression. US army pushes back, and outnumbers UN forces. 5 million died and the Govt. extends military protection/econ aid to asian govt. threatened by communism.

36
Q

Proxy Wars
Vietnam (1957-1973)

A

Vietnam was controlled as a colony by the french. After the war, natives wanted independence. Two vietnams were created and separated. The Us gets involved, and was a no way out war, and very unpopular. US loses resolve after Tet offensive- surprise attacks from the North. It didn’t work but it made the US look bad considering they were suing modern weapons against vietnamese guerilla tactics. Vietnam falls to communism in 1975. 58,000 americans and 1.5 million vietnamese die.

37
Q

Proxy Wars
Afghanistan (1980)

A

USSr tried to save marxist regime in afghanistan. For nine years, Soviets fought an unsuccessful campaign against national group of islamic warriors who gradually gained control of the countryside. These mujahidin warrior groups were funded by the US, trained with missiles to shoot down Soviet helicopters and mules to haul supplies from Pakistan. Soviets pull out of afghanistan in defeat, because it was costly and unpopular in 1986.

38
Q

Proxy Wars
Cuba

A

There was growing communism. Fidel Castro overthrows old regime who blamed cubas depends on us sugar companies. Castro access soviet offer of economic aid and cuba goes communist. Khrushchev places millisle in Cuba and detected by US. Us blockades Cuba to and prepares to attack Cuban/Soviet troops . World nears war under the Cuban missile crisis from 1961-1962 until JFK agrees to stop trying to overthrow cuba’s govt and remove missiles from their own site in Turkey.

39
Q

Immigration
Reasons and Examples

A

COlonial peoples migrate to imperial countries because of move job opportunities and financial success. Examples are Algerians moving to France, working as coal miners and in physical labor. ALgerians sent home money to families. Algerian nationalists were upset with these Algerian-french citizens, so they migrated to France. South asians were immigrating to the UK, like Ghandi who got a british education. Filipino workers were on Us plantations in Hawaii, giving US pineapples and sugar.

40
Q

Immigration
Problems

A

Algerians were at the bottom of the social queue for housing, and were round up and beat by police because they had an algerian appearance and were ostracized in plants.

41
Q

Reasons for Peace
Anxiety

A

Both superpowers were anxious about getting into global thermonuclear war with one another.

42
Q

Reasons for Peace
Economic

A

Both economies were suffering from inflation and debt, arms race, proxy wars, and space race, costing a lot of money. They went through series of detentes, where they were so close to thermonuclear war, going broke, domestic uprisings in vietnam, afghanistan, and Reagan and Gorbachev’s policies.

43
Q

Ronald Reagan’s plan to defeat the USSR

A

Reagan is able to see soviet economic weakness in the 1980s. Soviet had a command economy that couldn’t compete with capitalism. Soviet Premier Gorbachev responds by signing treaty with US and instituting reforms, like the Glasnost, political reforms that included some personal freedoms like churches reopening, controversial books published, and being ok to criticize the government.

44
Q

Gorbachev’s responses to Reagan

A

He took power of Russia and realized they were about to go bankrupt after their civil war with afghanistan He believed demilitarization wouldn’t be too hard or unrealistic going from an economy of armement to disarmament, saying the USSR was also ready to do this, by getting rid of 500,000 troops and armed forces. The us and USSR later destroyed some portions of their nuclear missile arsenals. He created reforms about ending the Cold War, having movements for soviet economy to allow for more private ownership of businesses and economic freedom, as well as freedom of speech.

45
Q

Eastern Europe Responds to USSR dissolving (1989)

A

Poland responds with the Velvet Revolution in 1989 to get free from Russia and Germany, being unafraid to force free elections for presidents and government officials. In 1989, the Berlin wall comes down separating East and West Berlin.

46
Q

USSR dissolves (1991)

A

Because of Gorbachev and the allowance of private businesses and no longer interfere with their internal affairs, Poland was the first state to get independence from the Communist regime. It was followed suit by other eastern countries and the soviet union dissolved again by the economic crisis and cold war spending

47
Q

Putin and Russia today

A

Putin inherited all these economic, and political troubles.

48
Q

Free Market Economies (1980)
Reasons for:

A

To reduce the grown of government spending through tax cuts. It is to reduce the marginal tax rates and regulation on businesses. Reduce inflation by controlling the growth of the money supply which reduces interest rates. It restores economic growth, balance of budget, healthy financial markets, and increases savings and investments. Margaret thatcher went through the austerity program to correct debt and inflation by cutting govt. Programs for workers and the poor, and to decrease govt. Control of economy to increase businesses for money.

49
Q

USA Today
New World Order

A

Only remaining superpower, making the US a target. This has caused conflict in the Middle east. Al-qaeda threaten US way of life as they feel threatened that the US is threatening their way of life, using religious measures to influence others to join

50
Q

USA Today
Economic problems

A

Increasing energy needs in MDC, means more power, more tech, and more oil/gas. Have to compete with China, which has a larger population, meaning they had chea labor, evolving economy with less optimal reactions. Multinational corporations in china and other asian countries but not in the US. There is rising debt, into the trillions of dollars.

51
Q

USA today
Population problems

A

Aging population is taking more social security and money, so who is paying for social security?

52
Q

Civil Rights movement

A

Martin luther king and Malcolm X were at the forefront of the civil rights movement. Malcolm X was more on the militant side while Martin luther king Jr. took a more nonviolent protest. The US civil rights act of 1964 enabled people to integrate schools for black and white children.

53
Q

Women in the West

A

Women in the US gains right of suffrage in early 20s. After the war, women were expected to go back into the cult of domesticity. Women wanted equality linked to access to employments. Women often make less than men, leading to feminist movements in 1960-1970s, wanting to gain access to birth control and abortion. The US civil rights act of 1964 enabled people to integrate schools. The 70’s brought gender equality amendments but failed.

54
Q

European Union
Political Goals

A

It is to Counterbalance the US power that had grown, by creating a strong, independent group of states to strengthen european trade.

55
Q

European Union
Economic goals

A

Free trade zone to help with internal trade to reduce tariffs and make a common currency. Free movements of workers. Help others in times of need, and stabilize economies through increased trade.

56
Q

European union
Migration issues

A

There is an immigration population decline because immigration became more reclusive to allow other people to come in.

57
Q

Population problems

A

Population is declining.

1900-Present (4 decks)

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