WWI

Question 1

Colonies’ contribution to the war effort

Answer 1

Decisive contribution to resources: oil, ores, troops
1 million Indian troops in the British army and 600 thousand africans in the French army
Also led to the first point of contact between colonial subjects and the European continent

Question 2

Conquest of german territories

Answer 2

1914: German territories in asia and oceania (Britain and Japan)
1914: Togo
1915: Kamerun and german south west Africa (Force Publique - belgian congo)
1914-18: German east Africa (Force Publique)

Question 3

Ottoman alliances

Answer 3

Many wars w Russia from 1760s-1910s
Ottomans had protection from Britain due to common enemy of Russia
Formation of triple entente in 1907, joined by ottomans in 1914

Ottomans were the weakest link of the triple entente and other members hoped to weaken them even further - also interests in deposits of oil found in the arabian gulf

Question 4

Gallipolli campaign

Answer 4

1915
Invasion by Australia and NZ army corps, ended in Ottoman victory

Question 5

Mesopatamian Campaign

Answer 5

Brits conquered basra in 1914 and Baghdad in 1917
British troops were largely Indian

Question 6

British support of the Arab revolt

Answer 6

1916-18
Involved TE Lawrence (of Arabia): succeeded in convincing the sharif of mecca to uprise against the ottomans
Conquest of Jerusalem (1917) and Damascus (1918)

Question 7

Mcmahon-hussein correspondence and Sykes-Picot agreement

Answer 7

1915
McMahon: British high commissioner of Egypt who pledged independence for multiple arab states

1916
Decided to divide the middle east between France and Britain with the land of Jerusalem as a condominium
Only technically involved spheres of influence, not sovereignty

Question 8

1st Balfour declaration

Answer 8

1917
Establishment of a jewish ethnostate
Protests from both muslims and jews (wasn’t extreme enough for some Zionists)

Question 9

Wilsons 14 points for the reconstruction of a post-war world

Answer 9

1918
Point 5: equality between coloniser and colonised (anti-imperialist)
Point 14: call for an association of nations

Question 10

League of nations mandates

Answer 10

The ex-german and ottoman colonies would be transformed from colonies into mandates ruled by the victors of WWI
Not seen as a reward, but an act of responsible governmenton behalf of the LON
But: a legitimisation of colonisation

Question 11

Treaty of Sevres

Britain, Hussein and france

Answer 11

1920
Britain: agreed to give control of Iraq and trans-jordan to the sons of shariff Hussein while Palestine came under direct British rule
France: Syria and Lebanon - part of Syria was lost to turkey after ataturk’s expansion (treaty of Lausanne 1923)

Question 12

Division of German colonies

France, Britain, Belgium, SA, Aus and Japan

Answer 12

France: gained most of Togoland and camerun
Britain: rest of Togoland, camerun, and german east africa
Belgium: Ruanda and Urundi (merged with the congo)
South Africa: received a mandate to administer south west Africa (Namibia)
Japan, Australia and NZ: pacific islands