Post-colonialisms

Question 1

Communism

Answer 1

Anti-western sentiments
Modelled by soviet union and mao’s china
Gained traction in the ‘3rd world’

Question 2

Non-aligned movement

Answer 2

A group of countries that did not want to choose between capitalism and communism
Met for the first time in bandung in 55
Led by Sukarno, tito, Nkrumah, Nasser, and Nehru

Question 3

US interventionism

Answer 3

Support of anti-communist dictatorship around the world

Question 4

New economies

State dependent and debt

Answer 4

Mosty state dependent: new governments would simply continue to use the colonial economic apparatuses
Large infrastructure projects: e.g. aswan dam by Nasser and Indian 5 year plans

Nationalisation and loans
- Intended for development but often mismanaged
- Made entire countries dependent on western banks

Question 5

Dependency theory

Answer 5

States that western countries still exploit post-colonial states through the expropriation of natural resources
Economies based on resource extraction: benefit of west and detriment of developing countries

Question 6

Neoliberalism

Answer 6

70s: growing debts owed to IMF and world bank, came with neoliberalconditions - forced to open their markets to western economies
80s: growing interference
89: Washington consensus (standard reform package that all countries wishing for loans had to comply) – highly beneficial terms for the loaner (the west)
95: World Trade Organisation

Question 7

Development aid

Answer 7

An extension of what colonialism was supposedly about in a post-colonial world (developing or civilising poorer areas)

Question 8

Aid in the colonial era

Answer 8

• Largely perpetrated by the missionaries
• Establishment of NGOs that were originally intended for work in europe but would expand to the post-colonial states
• E.g. Oxfam established in 42 to aid the famine in Greece

Question 9

Timeline of aid organisations

Answer 9

60s: Expansion of NGOs, taking over the work of the missionaries
Initially had Christian backgrounds
70s: tiersmondism, secularisation of NGOs
Age of solidarity movements
80s: humanitarian aid, professionalisation of NGOs
- Intentions of de-politising (e.g. doctors w/o borders in 1980)

Question 10

Migration

Answer 10

Started w european migration to the new world
Britain: Nationality act of 48 – allowed all British subjects to travel to Britain
- Migration waves in the 50s (Windrush generation)
NL: 1m out of 16m has colonial roots
Portugal :150,000 post-colonial immigrants
Belgium (contrast): only 20,000 congolese in 1990