WWI

Question 1

MANIA

Answer 1

militarism- country should have strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend/promote its interests

Imperial European countries believed gaining colonies help them become militarily superior to their competitors. European countries raised and prepared large armies, navies, and air forces to protect their homelands.

alliance- agreements between nations stating each country will assist the other if they are attacked
*Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire
*Triple Entente: United Kingdom (Great Britain), France, and Russia

nationalism- pride in one’s nation

Europeans begin to define themselves based on their nation. Some ethnic groups that wanted to unify but were a part of a few empires left in Europe created tension by declaring their desire to rule themselves.

imperialism- countries colonizing another for raw materials and market goods

European countries fought one another at sea and used treaties to claim colonies

assassination- to murder

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist motivated Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. A chain of alliances drew many nations into the conflict.

Question 2

technologies

Answer 2

-submarines (transport soldiers and war materials)At first, many Americans wanted to stay out of the conflict but Germany’s attack led the U.S. to war

-barbed wire, tanks, machine gun (stronger military)

-Trench Warfare: tactic where a series of trenches are dugged to protect the soldiers from enemy fire
stalemate- difficult for either side to win

chemical warfare (toxic)

Question 3

homefront

Answer 3

-factory labor (taking jobs of men)
-propaganda posters
-limitation of food and other resources
-spies

Question 4

14 Points

Answer 4

President Woodrow Wilson hope to prevent future conflicts
-open diplomacy: end to secret treaties and negotiations
-freedom of the seas
-removal of economic barriers
-reduce military weapons
-fair territorial settlements
-right to choose their own form of government

League of Nations- international organization to prevent future wars (failed)

Question 5

Austria-Hungary

Answer 5

Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s assassination motivated Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary was made up of many different ethnic and linguistic groups which created internal tensions during the war. Later separated by ethnic and linguistic.

Question 6

Armenian Genocide

Answer 6

Armenians (Christian)
-wanted same status as the Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

Young Turks (Muslim)
-political leaders; organized society (constitutions and branches of government)

Mass killings and deportations carried out by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian people. Ottoman government saw the Armenian people as a threat to its rule and sought to eliminate them. About 1.5 million Armenians died.
-eliminate Armenians from military (fear of defend), killed most educated, forced prison people to war

Trial of Tears- Armenians were deported from their homes and sent on forced marches to concentration camps, where they were subjected to starvation, disease, and violence

After War
-3 leaders ran away from execution
-Ataturk was new leader (westernized)
-Turkish government continues to deny that a genocide occurred and instead claims that the deaths were the result of civil war (both sides suffered)

Question 7

Industrialization

Answer 7

-more efficient goods
-assembly lines sped up production
money from war <–> mass production

Question 8

Total War

Answer 8

-military conflict in which nations are willing to make any sacrifices necessary to win
-affects everyone

Question 9

“Peace Without Victory”

Answer 9

President Woodrow Wilson
-agreed-upon and sustainable (status quo)
“forced upon the loser” may lead to conflict
secret treaties: everyone should know what’s happening
permanent peace would last forever while one built “upon quicksand” would only last temporarily

Question 10

millet

Answer 10

unique religious community; self-governish (had to pay taxes and obey rules)

Question 11

France and Germany

Answer 11

France entered peace talks with a strong sense of bitterness and a desire for revenge against Germany. Germany bought great suffer to France during the war. France made sure that Germany recieved severe punishment.

The terms of the armistice required Germany to surrender its military equipment and release all prisoners of war.

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to reduce military force, accept responsibility, and pay for all damages.