WW1, Propaganda, And Fascism Flashcards
Describe the chain of events that led to the outbreak of the war
The new German Empire created in 1871 in a war against France, chose to join forces with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This alliance is called the central powers.
What conditions exacerbated the outbreak of the war?
-The aggressive colonial conquests worsening relations among states
-The nationalist hostility dividing peoples of Europe
-The arms race tempting the best armed states to prefer war to diplomatic compromise
-The alliance system creating hostile groups of states
What is the alternative theory about how the war started?
The expansionist plans of the German empire and the dangerous German-Austria decision in 1914 to destroy Serbia
How was the war initially welcomed by the populations around the world?
Across Europe had celebrated the outbreak of the war. Military launched at the wars onset failed to attain their objectives. All armies remained at the end of these battles with sufficient force to continue fighting.
What was “no man’s land”?
No man’s land is between the trenches and was quickly denuded of all life that became a lunar landscape, pocketed by great shell holes and strung with barb wire.
What was “shell shock”?
Shell shock appeared among soldiers unable to endure any longer the psychological pressure of the carnage and violence. I’m simpler terms it is what is now called ptsd.
What were governments forced to do at home during the war?
Governments were forced to enact special powers to allocate goods to the war effort and to ensure the wartime economy functioned as required.
What reactions did these policies cause in colonies around the globe?
(Part 2 of what we’re gov forced to do at home)
British and French governments mobilized the labour and resources of their empires for the war effort. Great Britain declared all colonies and dominion lands to be at war with the central powers.
Explain the chain of events that led to Russia removing itself from the war
The first action of Lenin’s regime was to declare an armistice along with the entire eastern front and to begin peace negotiations with the central powers. In response the German military leaders demanded a peace capitulation. (More info?)
With Russia out of the war what measures did Germany take with only one front to deal with?
Germany kept large numbers of troops in the eastern theatre to preserve its hold on the enormous territory ceded by Russia. On march 1918 Germany launched 62 divisions intended to drive France out of the war.
What did the armistice on November 11 require of Germany?
It required that Germany renounce the treaties of Brest-Litovsk and withdraw all its military forces from Russia, Romania, Austria-Hungry, and Turkey.
What 3 points were central to Wilson’s plan?
Natural self-determination for all of European people, democratic governments, and the creation of an international association of states to protect the peace.
What was the treaty of Versailles? What conditions did it contain? And how did it impact Europe after the war?
The treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on June 28, 1919. As the most important treaty of ww1 it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the allied powers. It required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is manipulation through images and words. Propaganda blurs truth and fiction to persuade people to follow a particular belief, person, or idea.
Name/explain 3 types of propaganda
-Bandwagon effect is during peer pressure to create a “herd” mentality where people follow the crowd.
-Plain folks appeal is technique to make a person or idea connect with the average person
-Testimonial is use of a celebrity or expert to persuade; often famous people are not qualified to speak on the issue/product
What are some common uses of propaganda?
Commercial, political, wartime, bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities propaganda
Who was Benito Mussolini?
He was the founder of the Italian fascism and the inspiration of Fascist movement in other European countries.
What role did Benito Mussolini play in the rose of Italian fascism?
The war provided Mussolini, as it did hitler, with schooling for political combat on the national stage. Joined by other disillusioned war veterans, Mussolini preached a message of militaristic renewal of the Italian nation.
How did the economic/ political climate contribute to his rise?
He called for the expulsion of the “corrupt “ politicians. He scorned the idea of liberty preferring discipline for the Italian nation. In place of a parliamentary regime, he proposed a strong state purged of all democratic ideals.
How did Mussolini leadership skills contribute?
Mussolini attracted support by staging military style gatherings with theatrical ceremonies that emphasized leadership, hierarchy, and order. His promise to focus the national will and restore a lost unity appealed to people worried about the postwar chaos and the disillusioned with the selfish individualism of liberalism.
What happened Oct 1922? What were the immediate impacts as well as the long lasting effects?
In October 1922, Mussolini ordered his fighting squads to “ march on Rome” to overthrow the democratically elected government. Before his squads reached the capital, the king invited him to become prime minister of the Italian cabinet. His began his role as a legal head of government.
What is self-determination?
self-determination, the process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government.
