WW1 Industry and Economy Flashcards
1
Q
When was Rationing introduced
A
Dec 1917 - Compulsory rationing - to conserve food supplies and to ensure fair distribution
- Sugar was 1st to be rationed then Butcher Meat
- Government began propaganda campaign to reduce waste and increase production
2
Q
Why was Rationing introduced?
A
- By Aug 1917 1.5m tonnes of British shipping had been sunk
3
Q
Describe the Land Issue
A
- Government promised land to returning soldiers and this was not given
- People had to squat on disused army camps
- Increased emigragtion
4
Q
Describe Emigration in Scotland
A
- Scots abroad made 60% of British emigration in 1920s
- Attraction of countries like Canada because there was an availability of land
5
Q
Effects on Coal
A
- Benefitted from increased demand to power machinery and fuel the ships that were built on the Clyde
- Without railways and Navy this industry would not have survived the war
6
Q
Effects on Steel
A
- Doubled by the war e.g. shells, bullets
- Created boomtowns e.g. coatbridge
7
Q
Effects on Shipbuilding
A
- Naval Race pre-was saved shipyards as the Clyde was taken over by army to produce ships
- Increase demand for orders to replace sunken ships
- After war many shipbuilding sites were closed down because of no demand
8
Q
Effects on Fishing
A
- After war markets were lost with Germany and Russia
9
Q
Shell Scandal
A
- 1915 British failure to break deadlock at the Western front was blamed for no shells
- Led to the collapse of the Liberal party
- There was now a general concern about the supply of munitions
10
Q
Munitions of War Act
A
- Prevented munitions workers to quit without the employers consent
- Threat of Strike - trade unions saw it as an erosion of rights
11
Q
Post-War Economic Change
A
- Shipbuilding workers decreased by 90% by 1920
- Loss of international markets created problems in Scottish economy
- War provided temporary boom in shipbuilding and steel
12
Q
Effects on Agriculture
A
- Pre-war Britain imported 60% of its food
- In 1915 900,000 British shipping was sunk by the Germans
- Increased demands as government bought all wool to produce army blankets
