WW1 Flashcards
Triple Alliance
1882- Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany
Triple Entente
1907- France, Britain, Russia
Franco-Russian Alliance
1893- Defensive
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1902- Combat Russian Expansion
Entente Cordiale
1904- Colonial- France wouldn’t challenge Britain in Egypt and Britain wouldn’t challenge France in Morocco
Anglo-Russian Agreement
1907- End oversea problems, non-military
Splendid Isolation
19th century British foreign policy, not to get involved in European affairs
3 Power Standard
Britain’s Navy must be 3x bigger than the next 3 biggest.
Weltpolitik
Kaiser Wilhelm II’s foreign policy, meaning world policy, in which he wanted a stronger military and a larger empire
1st Moroccan Crisis
1905-1906
Germany guarantees Moroccan independence. Algerçiras conference 1906- Germany forced to back down with only Morocco and AH supported Germany.
1st Moroccan Crisis - Results
France gained control of Moroccan Police and Banks.
GB+F start having secret military talks and see Germany as a threat.
Germany embarrassed by lack of support and Triple Alliance weakened by Italy not supporting.
2nd Moroccan Crisis
1911
Rebellion in North Morocco
The Sultan requests French troops.
Germany accused France of trying to take over Morocco, they send the warship ‘Panther’ to Agadir, which Britain responds to by sending warships (in fear Germany could set up a Naval Base there).
Lloyd George gives the mansion house speech- promises support for France
2nd Moroccan Crisis - Results
Morocco becomes a French colony.
Germans become anti-British, humiliated
War Fever in Europe
November 1911- Treaty of Berlin- Germany forced to back down and accept Marshland in Congo.
Triple Alliance weakened by lack of Italian support
GB+F create secret Naval agreement 1912
French and British Naval Agreement
1912- GB would protect North French coast and France would defend the Mediterranean
Arms Race
1900-1914
Increase in defence spending and increase in army size.
Naval Race
1906-1914
End of Naval Race
GB- 29 dreadnoughts
GER- 17 dreadnoughts
GB kept Naval Superiority
1st Dreadnought built
1906, GB
Made all German ships ‘fünf minuten’ ships
Bosnian Crisis
1908
Serbia wanted to unite all Serbs (nationalism) to make a greater Serbia. This worries AH as they may take some of their empire.
AH annexed Bosnia without notice, Russia and Serbia annoyed
Germany promises support for AH and threatens war on Russia if she acted.
Bosnian Crisis - Results
Russia backs down and is humiliated
AH feels she has full support of Germany. Italy doesn’t like AH expansion and disliked the Triple Alliance more.
Russia ups military spending
Triple Entente strengthened by hate for Germany
Serbia had to accept the annex, but hates AH more
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
28th June 1914
The Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group, assassinated the heir to the Austrian Hungarian throne in Sarajevo
The Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s war plan to avoid a war on two fronts. Planned to go through Belgium to avoid Eastern French fortifications. Planned to capture Paris in 6 weeks then fight Russia.
Schlieffen Plan Problems
- Relied on German speed and Russia being slow to immobilise
* Britain’s Treaty of London 1839- Britain promised to keep Belgium neutrality.
World War 1 ends
11th November 1918
