Peacekeeping

Question 1

The Big Three

Answer 1

France- Georges Clemenceau
Britain- Lloyd George
USA- Woodrow Wilson

Question 2

Clemenceau’s aims

Answer 2

Main- Gain Security for France, making Germany weak so they couldn’t attack again

Revenge
German disarmament
Germany to take the war guilt clause
Germany to pay for damage- reparations 
Wanted Alsace Lorraine back

Question 3

Lloyd George’s aims

Answer 3

Main- Settle on a not too harsh treaty to punish Germany but keep them economically strong enough to keep trading
Didn’t want a communist Germany
Wanted parts of the German empire

Question 4

Wilson’s aims

Answer 4

Main- Set up League of Nations and not a harsh punishment
Reorganisation of European borders due to self-determination
14 points to be accepted
Countries to be truthful
Peace by introducing new standards to the public

Question 5

Treaty of Versailles- Territory

Answer 5

GER lost Alsace-Lorraine to France
Saar given to LoN for 15 years - France used coal from Saar
Russian empire shrank, losing land to create Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Bessarabia
AH became Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia
Ottoman Empire became Bulgaria and Romania

Question 6

Article 231

Answer 6

War guilt clause, Germany forced to take the blame for the war

Question 7

Treaty of Versailles- Military Restrictions

Answer 7

German Army limited to 100,00 men. Conscription, tanks and military aircraft forbidden
German navy limited to 15,000 men and 6 battleships. Submarines forbidden.
Rhineland demilitarised

Question 8

Treaty of Versailles- Reparations

Answer 8

Germany had to pay £6,600 million over 42 years

Question 9

Problems with the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 9

America didn’t sign and became isolationist
Japan and Italy didn’t feel rewarded enough
Many Americans and Britons didn’t like it
Reparations so large they could have caused global economic damage

Question 10

Germany’s view on the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 10

‘Diktat’- had no say in the terms
Couldn’t afford reparations
Loss of pride in armed forces
Other countries weren’t disarming- felt vulnerable
Didn’t accept defeat
Lost industrial areas so couldn’t rebuild
Many Germans now lived under foreign rule

Question 11

The Big Three’s Views

Answer 11

GB- Too Harsh
France- Not harsh enough
USA- Way too harsh

Question 12

League of Nations- Date

Answer 12

Set up in 1919

Question 13

League of Nations- Membership

Answer 13

All decisions had to be unanimous

Germany, Russia and USA weren’t members

Question 14

League of Nations’ aims

Answer 14

SIDE

Stop wars
Improve lives (stop slavery, disease)
Disarm
Enforce ToV

Question 15

League of Nations- Assembly

Answer 15

Each member nation would be represented by someone at an assembly. Met only once a year to discuss topics

Question 16

League of Nations- Council

Answer 16

4 permanent members- Italy, Britain, France and Japan

They solved disputes that could occur between states by negotiation if possible.

Question 17

The League’s powers

Answer 17

Moral condemnation- member countries would put pressure on the aggressor to shame and prevent war
Economic sanctions- all member countries would stop trading with the aggressor
Military force- all member countries would contribute to an armed force with that would act against the aggressor to provide security for future peace

Question 18

Collective security

Answer 18

The idea that a group can all contribute to keep peace

Question 19

Permanent Court Of Justice

Answer 19

A court of 15 judges set up in The Hague, Netherlands. Dealt with disputes between countries over international law such as treaty terms. It had no means of enforcing its decisions, so depended on the good will of other countries

Question 20

The League’s power problems

Answer 20

Moral condemnation was weak, the aggressor could just ignore it
Economic sanctions- only worked if a non-member country (e.g. USA) didn’t trade with that country already. Also relied on good will of member countries to enforce it.
Military force- only worked if countries were willing to supply a force