WW1 Flashcards
How much time did the soldiers spend in the front line?
15%
How much time did the soldiers spend in the support trench?
10%
How much time did the soldiers spend in the reserve line?
30%
How much time did the soldiers spend away from their trenches?
45%
Whats a parapet?
A bank of earth thrown up in front of the trench to allow a man to fire and rest his elbows and gives protection.
whats a parados?
Bank of earth behind a trench designed to stop bullets going to the next trench.
what were the 4 main troubles with the trench system?
collected the wounded from no mans land.
Deep mud making it difficult to move.
Trenches getting clogged with equipment and men.
number of wounded at any time could be immense.
what was so special about the battle of Arras?
The British soldiers dug tunnels in the ground which was easy due to the chalky ground. Rooms were even created and had running water and electricity. It created accommodation for soldiers to live and hospitals that had 700 beds.
what was special about cambrai?
it was the first large attack by tanks.
How many tanks were used to attack Germany in the battle of cambrai during ww1?
450 Tanks
what was strange about the battle of the Somme?
60,000 casualties on the first day but there was an only expected 10,000
How many battle of ypres where there?
3
What caused trench foot?
standing in water logged trenches for too long.
What were the symptoms of trench foot?
foot will be numb, blistered, swollen and blue
How did they prevent trench foot?
pumps sent in to reduce flooding.
soldiers were split into pairs to look after each others feet.
changed socks twice a day.
what was trench fever?
infection spread by lice that lived in the seams of clothing.
what were the symptoms of trench fever?
severe headaches, shivering and pain in bones and joints all lasting for about 5 days.
how did they prevent trench fever?
The men were issued lice repellent.
men picked lice out of clothing.
what does NYD.N stand for?
Not yet diagnosed nervous. (also known as PTSD)
what is PTSD?
post traumatic stress disorder:
physiological reaction to danger.
what was the treatment for PTSD?
given rest, food and counselling.
sent to hospitals and in worst cases sent home.
what wounds do rifles cause?
bayonet wounds
gunshot wounds
what wounds do machine guns cause?
breakage of major bones
pierce vital organs
20% chance of survival
What wounds do artillery cause?
removed limbs
internal damage
blood loss
1/2 of all casualties
what wounds do shrapnel cause?
wounds to:
eyes
mouth
jaws
head injuries
blood loss
infections
what was the path of treatment?
stretcher bearers regimental aid post motor ambulances casualty clearing stations hospital train base hospital
In what year did most base hospitals have xrays?
1916
what was plastic surgery like during the war?
limited by the danger of infection and absence of antiseptic.
What was the treatment for brain injuries?
Brain wasn’t operated on but just bandaged.
They put rubber bands on their heads to apply pressure.
They were also given blood transfusions and saline to reduce shock.
What was the splint used for?
For help fractured bones heal.
To stop bones grinding.
Reduced blood loss
what is chlorine gas?
a biological weapon first used by the Germans at the second battle of ypres
What was the terrain like during the battle of ypres?
water logged
heavy soil
flooded
when did Landsteiner show blood could be transfused safely?
1917 battle of cambrai
what discovery was made to stop blood clotting?
The addition of sodium citrate to the blood.
whats a pedicle?
The attachment of skin to the body.
How do you ensure you receive full marks in question 1?
(describe two features of…)
4 MARKS
1 mark for each feature (2 required)
1 mark for supporting information
what are the steps for answering question 2a?
(How useful are sources a and b?)
8 MARKS
For each source mention,
nature of the source (what does it show)
link the content of the source to the question.
mention what the source misses out.
NOP (nature origin purpose)
How do you answer question 2b?
(How could you follow up source x to find more about…)
4 MARKS
1) detail in source x i will follow up…
2) question i would ask…
3) what type of source i could use…
4) how it may help answering your question…
Whats antiseptic?
A type of surgery that kills germs in wounds.
whats aseptic?
A type of surgery that prevents germs reaching wounds.
what were the main problems that slowed down medical progression?
blood loss infection conditions brain surgery lack of knowledge
write cards on plastic surgery
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