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History HL Exam > WW1: 1914 - 1918 > Flashcards

WW1: 1914 - 1918 Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes

A 
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Other factors
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2
Q

Causes: the “M”

A

MILITARISM

  • military power seen as symbol of international prestige
  • glorification of war
  • arms race bw powers
  • influential MILITARY leaders, weak POLITICAL leaders
  • Russia mobilizes troops, spurs Germany to attack Britain/France
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3
Q

Causes: the “A”

A

ALLIANCES

  • Russian agreements with small Slavic nations
  • Triple Entente (Allied) vs. Triple Alliance (Central
  • domino effect: alliances pull everyone down
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4
Q

Triple Entente

A

France
Great Britain
Russia

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5
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary

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6
Q

Causes: the “I”

A

IMPERIALISM

  • British concern with German growth/desire for colonies
  • -desire to contain Germany/territorial claims in Africa
  • Fight for global dominance in industry
  • resources/trade routes in Med.
  • Economic rivalries bw British/Germans/French
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7
Q

Causes: the “N”

A

NATIONALISM

  • French want revenge on Germany due to loss in war (1800s)
  • France wants Alsace/Lorraine back from Germany
  • Pan-slovism in Eastern Europe
  • German pride in military/industrialization
  • competition bw ethnic groups (struggle in Turkey)
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8
Q

Causes: other factors

A

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) by Serbian nationalist in June of 1914

  • Strategic location of Balkans
  • Russia falls apart by Russian Revolution
  • Zimmerman Telegram brings US to war
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9
Q

Response to Assassination

A

Germany gives Russia/France ultimatum to stop mobilization and declare neutrality

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10
Q

Germany declares war

A

On Russia - August 1, 1914

On France - August 3, 1914

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11
Q

Advantages to Triple Entente

A

Britain = best navy
US as trading power
lots of colonies

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12
Q

Disadvantages to Triple Entente

A

divided/can’t communicate
German U-boats = huge threat to British navy
Russia lacks weapons

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13
Q

Advantages to Triple Alliance

A

intensely industrialized
troops from AH
strong military power from Germany

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14
Q

Disadvantages to Triple Alliance

A

two fronts: Russia east, France/Britain west
cut off from colonies
Italy switches sides

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15
Q

Balkans

A

Between Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, Russian empire

  • rich in natural resources
  • ethnic nationalism instead of political nationalism –> instability
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16
Q

Practices of War

A

“Total War”

  • fight on land, sea, sky
  • wear down the enemy with war of attrition (not trying to gain territory)
  • trenches (machine guns, tanks, chemical weapons)
  • total mobilization of population
17
Q

Lusitania

A

May 7, 1915

German u-boats sunk American cargo ship, causing Germany to suspend unrestricted sub warfare

18
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

January 1917

released to America by Britain in March, causing Wilson to visit Congress

19
Q

America declares war

A

April 1917

provide 12 million men, but can’t fight til end of 1917

20
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A
  1. No more secret agreements
  2. free navigation of all seas
  3. end to economic barriers
  4. countries to reduce weapon numbers
  5. decisions regarding colonies should be impartial
    6-13. deals with specific nations
  6. League of Nations
21
Q

Verdun

A

?

22
Q

Somme

A

June-November 1916 Britain vs. Germany

  • DONT HAVE WEAPONS so bomb G’s and thought all dead
  • G’s hid, surprise attack on B’s when they come to investigate
  • overall massacre
23
Q

Passchendale

A

July-November

  • rain –> mud, drowning
  • tanks/planes don’t work
24
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

German plan to attack France and take over, then on to Russia to avoid a 2 front war

  • supposed to take 6 weeks
  • lost time in Belgium bc they resisted
  • gave time for Russia to mobilize
25
Q

End of the War

A

Spring 1918 Germany runs out of resources

Armistice signed at 11/11/18

26
Q

Results of War

A
  • Wilson’s 14 point –> LN
  • Treaty of Versailles
  • Isolation in US, Red Scare in Europe/US
  • Balfour Declaration (homeland for Jews in Palestine)
  • Ottoman/Hapsburg/Austro-Hungarian Empires dissolve
  • Kaiser abdictates in 1918
  • Dawes Plan
27
Q

Dawes Plan

A

American banks give loans to Germany (US –> Germany, Germany pays back France/Britain, France/Britain buys goods from American markets)

28
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1919 - Wilson, Clemanceau, Lloyd George, Orlando

  • Germany demilitarized, disarmed, and must pay reparations of $33 billion
  • Germany must lose colonies (Rhineland, Alsace/Lorraine, part of Russia), territory reduced by 10%
  • War Guilt Clause = psychological defeat

OVERALL GOAL: create new world order where such a warm could never again exist

History HL Exam (5 decks)

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