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Modern History > Ww1 > Flashcards

Ww1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did ww1 start

A

28 July 1914

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2
Q

What were teh causes of ww1

A

Maniaa
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
Awful governments

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3
Q

What were the alliances of ww1 and when did they start

A

1879 Austria and Germany alliance (ambitions to become a large power, Germany worried France might attack)
1894 France formed alliance with Russia (each were worried of attack)
1904 Britain formed entente cordiale with France (worried about German power)
1907 Britain and Russia formed a similar agreement (Triple entente)

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4
Q

What is teh domino effect of teh beginning of ww1

A

Austria blamed Serbia for assassination declared war in Serbia
Germany supported Austria Hungary
Russia pledged for Serbia
France supports Russia
Germany declares war on France
Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

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5
Q

What was teh Schlieffen plan

A

Most influential plan for Germany( take Paris and therefore france before Russia could mobilise so as not to fight a war on two fronts)
Relied on:
German speed
Slow Russian mobilisation
Britain staying out of the war

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6
Q

Why did the schlieffen plan fail

A

Underestimated distances (exhausted army and slowed them down)
Plan changed (right wing troops taken to strengthen left, right unable to advance)
Belgian resistance was stronger than expected
British expeditionary force inflicted heavy casualties (at mons)
French troops had enough time to get to Paris

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7
Q

What was teh race to teh sea

A

The way the western front was formed
Troops on either side attempted to outflank each other all teh way to teh sea towards the end of 1914

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8
Q

Wat was teh stalemate and how long did it last

A

By December 1914 war had reached a stalemate
Battle of attrition not movement
Both sides were evenly balanced neither could break through
1914 - 1916

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9
Q

What advancements were made during ww1 and examples

A

Improvement in weapons
Motorised tank, poison gas, airplanes, battleships, submarines
Improvement in strategy
Improved medicine
Not amputating all the time anasthesia and antiseptic, ability to transport to hospitals

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10
Q

Why did technology improve

A

To break the dead lock, as teh trenches proved impenetrable

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11
Q

Describe a trench

A

Heavy artillery created craters Taht pockmarked no man’s land
Barbed wire between no man’s land and trench
British trenches were significantly worse in the begginning, muddy and shallow, German trenches were better as they were on teh defensive and knew teh war would be a long one

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12
Q

How did guns improve in ww1

A

Early machine guns were big and heavy, needed a crew of people
Guns got smaller and more portable

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13
Q

What were U boats

A

German submarines unrestricted submarine war fare
Aimed at starving Britain out by torpedoing any ships neutral or not supplying britain

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14
Q

What was teh British blockade

A

The Blockade of Germany, or the Blockade of Europe, occurred from 1914 to 1919. The prolonged naval blockade was conducted by the Allies

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15
Q

What was total war

A

Active participation of the whole conuntry

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16
Q

Why did total war occur

A

War was waged against civilians
Led to teh creation of teh home front

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17
Q

Total war in Britain

A

Dora
Unprepared at teh beginning of war implementation of Dora

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18
Q

What was Dora

A

Defence of teh realm act
Illiberal atmosphere
Passed without debate
Seen as necessity
Revoked civil liberties which led to improved society and victory of war (paradox)

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19
Q

German total war

A

Accepted need for total war at teh start ability to organise war on teh home front

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20
Q

How were German shortages managed in teh beginning

A

Using occupied countries resources
Or makeshift ersatz goods
Companies set up by government to manufacture war effort

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21
Q

What happened between 1916 to 1917 to German home front

A

Turnip winter
Farmers and food workers in teh military
Over burdened railways
Shortages due to British blockade

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22
Q

What was teh impact of turnip winter

A

German home front started to falter

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23
Q

Why was British propaganda successful

A

Morale crusade
Germany represented as pure evil (Kaiser was characterisation of evil)
Use of animalistic imagery gorilla
Atrocity stories used to evoke patriotism (murder of nurse Cavell on Belgium)

24
Q

Was German propaganda successful and what was it?

A

No
Less use than teh British
Theme was British suppression of her kultur and denying German rightful position of greatness

25
Q

Why was German propaganda unsuccessful

A

No need to recruit cause of conscription
Massively elitist
Germans were teh aggressors

26
Q

Censorship as a tool

A

Virtually indistinguishable from propaganda
Soldiers prohibited from keeping I
Diaries only one uncensored Letter per month

27
Q

Methods of propaganda

A

Posters newspapers
Comics songs stories of atrocities
Films censorship
Poems

28
Q

What wa teh changing role do women

A

Women in teh military
Women became more prominent in teh work force in ammunition’s
Football teams for women
Unequal pay was the norm

29
Q

Why did female employment initially go down

A

They worked in frivalous industries which were to expensive in war time

30
Q

Wat was isolationism

A

American neutrality and isolationism in beginning of ww1
Seperate from war

31
Q

When did teh Lusitania sink

A

1915 may

32
Q

What and when was teh preparedness movement

A

1915
Us needed to immediately build up strong naval and land forces for defence
Theodore Roosevelt was an interventionist

33
Q

Role of russian revolution

A

German troops Abel to reinforce western front
Germany determined to push re inforced submarines

34
Q

What was the Zimmerman telegram

A

1917 January
Offered us territory to Mexico in return for joining teh German cause

35
Q

Roel do teh Zimmerman telegram

A

Not an actual threat
Was trumpeted as one in teh news
Increased support for intervention

36
Q

When did America go to war

A

April 4th 1917
Senate vote 82 - 6

37
Q

What was teh immediate impact of teh US

A

Naval convoys allowed supplies to get to allies
Morale boost
German loss of morale

38
Q

When did teh us fully mobilise

A

Mid 1918

39
Q

How many Us troops ended up fighting

A

1.3 million

40
Q

How many Us troops ended up fighting

A

1.3 million

41
Q

What was teh naval impact of us

A

Completely rendered teh German u boats useless

42
Q

We’re teh us part of teh counter offensive

A

Yes they were and played a key roel

43
Q

What and when was Ludendorffs spring offensive

A

All consuming effort for a new assault on the weaker spots of teh allied front line
21 march 1918

44
Q

What were stromtroopers

A

German tactic to send all best and strongest soldiers first to blitz through enemies strongest points
Allowing infantry to mop up after them
Was bad because it meant teh best and strongest soldiers got tired and died off at teh start of teh schlieffen plan

45
Q

What was Michael

A

1st attack
Success
Gained no good territory

46
Q

Georgette

A

2nd attack
Attempt to cut off supply lines for allies
Somewhat success

47
Q

Blucher York

A

3rd
Huge success
Almost reached Paris
Stopped by Americans just in time

48
Q

Gneisenau

A

4th
Failure
French counter attacked

49
Q

Final offensive

A

5th
Failure

50
Q

What was teh allied counter offensive

A

8 August 1918
Used opportunistic tactics (attacking salient bulge in German front lien)
Swept forward taking Germans by surprise
Achieved victory

51
Q

What is teh hinden burg lien

A

Teh line behind teh front of teh German line which holds stronger troops

52
Q

Who was the allied general who orchestrated the counter attack

A

Ferdinand Foch was a French military leader who served as supreme commander of the Allied armies during the final months of World War I.

53
Q

Reasons for German collapse long term

A

War on two fronts
Significantly lacking economic and military power compared to allies
Could not keep army supplied (ally blockade)
Us entry

54
Q

Reasons for German collapse short term

A

Depleted after spring offensive
Full mobilisation of us
Improved allied tactics
Ludendorff failed tactics

55
Q

Why were teh British keen to down play us involvement

A

Ww1 used as a story of heroic British triumph
Ensure American saviour complex did not over shadow British dead

56
Q

Why did American not recognise their role in ww1

A

Ww2 had a bigger impact and outshined it

Modern History (4 decks)

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