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History IB > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

28th of June 1914

A

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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2
Q

Austria declares war on Serbia

A

28th of July 1914

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3
Q

Germany declares war on Russia

A

1st of August 1914

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4
Q

Germany declares war on France

A

3rd of August 1914

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5
Q

Britain declares war on Germany, Germany invades Belgium

A

4th of August 1914

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6
Q

Austria declares war on Russia

A

6th of August 1914

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7
Q

Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary

A

10th of August 1914

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8
Q

The Schlieffen Plan

A
  • was supposed to help germany avoid fighting on two fronts
  • on assumption that france would attack alsace-lorraine, germany was to attack north of france
  • using russia’s poor railway system to defeat them
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9
Q

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

A
  • It didn’t anticipate involvement on the UK
  • France turned out to be way stronger than anticipated and was a harder opposition
  • Russian railway system was improved
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10
Q

first battle of marne

A

september 1914,
- Germans, according to the Schlieffen plan were going to encircle Paris, but from the east, not from the north
- They failed to capture Paris as French army, supported by the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) was much stronger than anticipated
- The Germans were forced to withdrew and abandon the Schlieffen plan
- An example and the start of trench warfare in WW1

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11
Q

battle of lodz

A

november - december 1914,
- Germans had only 1 army unit, Russians had 3 units
- Fought in harsh winter (The Russian army was more used to these weather conditions and so was their equipment)
- One of the greatest WW1 battles
- A great example of mobile warfare
- Russian victory

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12
Q

second battle of ypres

A

april 1915,
- First large scale use of chemical weapons (chlorine)
- Led to the invention and popularisation of gas masks
- Deadlock

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13
Q

secret treaty of london

A

26 april 1915, italy joined the allied forces

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14
Q

battle of verdun

A

february-december 1916,
- French general Philippe Petain, German Erich von Falkenhayn
- The battle ended with French victory, however both countries suffered great losses
- 400 000 French casualties and 350 000 German
- One of the most intense battles of WW1, very brutal
- Falkenhayn’s aim was to bleed the French white

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15
Q

battle of jutland

A

may 31 - june 1 1916,
- Jutland is the peninsula with Denmark on it
- Both sides claimed victory
- Navy battle fought between British navy and German navy
- Britain was able to continue the blockade of German ports

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16
Q

battle of the somme

A

july - november 1916,
- France vs Germany, the French had support of the British aircraft
- The British forces led by Douglas Haig (supported by British king George V) introduced the first tank Mark I, but it had little effect
- 465 000 German casualties
- 200 000 French casualties
- 400 000 British casualties
- Became known as the futile slaughter because it was very bloody and all of the countries involved suffered from great casualties
- British prime minister at the time was David Lloyd George and he didn’t support helping the French

17
Q

brusilov offensive

A

june - september 1916,
- Russian attack against Austro-Hungary
- Aleksei Brusilov was one of the best Russian generals
- It was the most successful Russian offensive and the greatest victory of the triple alliance
- Drew Austro-Hungarian forces away from the Italian front
- Russia withdrew from the war by Bolshevik decision

18
Q

the russian february revolution

A
  • Broke out in St. Petersburg (Petrograd)
  • Russians overthrew the imperial government and placed Lvov in power
  • Started with February riots over lack of food and Nicolas II was forced to abdicate when the army joined the protests
  • Georgy Lvov was appointed Russian ruler in march and tried to continue Russian participation in the war but was opposed by the public
  • In summer he was replaced by Aleksander Kerensky
  • Provisional government – rząd tymczasowy
19
Q

bolshevik (october) revolution

A
  • Vladimir Lenin was placed in power
  • Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was formally signed on the 3rd of March 1918 by which Russians withdrew from the war
  • It lost territories gained by Peter the Great so polish and Baltic states
  • Russian front didn’t exist anymore
20
Q

First german spring offensive

A

started on 21st march 1918, german general was erich ludendorff

21
Q

second battle of the marne

A

july 1918,
- Ferdinand Foch was the French commander
- France was supported by British and American troops
- Germans were forced to withdraw

22
Q

battle of amiens

A

8th of august 1918,
- Black day of the German Army which started the 100 days campaign of the Allied Forces
- The campaign would lead to the end of the war
- Germans were no longer able to defend themselves nor maintain their position on the Western Front
- Armed Warfare

23
Q

German November Revolution 1918-1919

A
  • Broke out in the Germany navy (Kiel mutiny)
  • Maximilian of Baden was appointed new chancellor
  • Wilhelm II abdicated and fled the country
  • On the 9th of November 1918 Germany was proclaimed a republic
  • Friedrich Ebert was made the president, he was from the SPD
  • The revolution formally ended when the Weimar Constitution was declared in August 1919
  • The start of the Weimar Republic
24
Q

the most important effects of ww1

A

13 million civilians died in the war, the usa emerged as a world power, there were a lot of technological advancements, a lot of monarchies collapsed

25
Q

armenian genocide

A

1915-1917,
- The sultan was Mehmed Vm the young Turks government
- The Turkish government refuses to acknowledge the genocide to this day
- Armenians had history of collaboration with the Russian army and the Turkish government feared they’d be collaborating with Russians again
- Armenians were either killed or sent to the Syrian dessert where they died of starvation or diseases
- From 600 000 to 1 000 000 people were victims to the genocide

26
Q

the armisice of mudros

A

30th october 1918 - between ottoman empire and the allies

27
Q

armistice of salonica

A

september 1918- bulgaria and the allies

28
Q

armistice between the allies and austria hungay

A

armistice of villa giusti, 3rd november 1918

29
Q

the british naval blockade

A
  • bared the entrance to the english channel and to the north sea
  • intended to starve germany into submission
  • about 500 000 germans died from starvation and diseae
  • caused the turnip winter
30
Q

DORA

A

british defence of the realm act; passed in august 1914
- allowed the british government to control civillians in a lot of aspects
- british pm david lloyd george took cahrge of munitions

31
Q

martial law

A
  • replacament of civilian government with military rule
  • similar in many countries - civilians were put under military jurisdiction, cencorship of the press, military authority
  • in france and austria civilians could be put on trial for war-related offenses with no recourse to the civilian justice system
  • proved to be largely ineffective, often incompetent

History IB (2 decks)

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