introduction & repetition Flashcards

1
Q

political system of the uk

A

constitutional monarchy

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2
Q

1801 act of union

A

ireland would have 100 mps in the house of commons

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3
Q

what is the industrial revolution?

A

a process of change from handmade economy to an industrialised one. 1770 - 1830

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4
Q

greatest invention of the industrial revolution

A

steam engine

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5
Q

queen victoria

A

ruled 1837 - 1901, also wore the title of an empress of india

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6
Q

the sues canal

A

constructed in the 1800s, bought by the british on the initiatie of benjamin disraeli

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7
Q

start of the french revolution

A

1789, france

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8
Q

battle over the bastille fort

A

climax of the first french revolution

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9
Q

declaration of the right of men

A

1789, france, “all men are born and remain free and equal in right”

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10
Q

1792, france

A

the declaration of the first french republic

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11
Q

1804, france

A

france was proclaimed an empire under napoleon’s rules

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12
Q

battle of waterloo

A

1815, napoleon’s last battle

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13
Q

the bourbon restoration

A

1814-1830, under louis xviii, house of bourbon returned to power after the fall of the first french empire. later ruled by charles x. constitutional monarchy

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14
Q

the july revolution

A

1830, also known as the second french revolution. it marked the shift from a constitutional monarchy under charles x to the july monarchy, with louis philippe as the king

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15
Q

the february revolution

A

1848, Paris, led to the end of the july monarchy and paved the way for the second french empire.

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16
Q

the second french empire

A

1852-1870 under the rule of napoleon the third. in its early years it was an authoritarian state with heavily restricted civil liberties

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17
Q

achievments of the second french empire

A

economic growth and industrialisation; bettering at foreign policy

18
Q

1815 vienna settlements

A

reduced france to its 1789 borders and formed the german confederation

19
Q

kingdom of prussia

A

1701-1918, formed by frederick the first, had a bicameral parliament

20
Q

zollverein / german customs union

A

a customs union of 1834 consisting of 28 out of 39 german federal states. internal tariffs were abolished and a common trade policy was developed with outside states

21
Q

junkers

A

prussian nobility

22
Q

the seven weeks war

A

austro-prussian war in 1866; prussia challenged austria for the leadership over the german confederation. it resulted in the treaty of prague,

23
Q

the treaty of prague 1866

A
  • annexation of Hanover, Nassau, Frankfurt and the danish states by prussia
  • formation of the north german confederation
24
Q

north german confederation

A

formed in 1866, an union of northern german states north of the main river.
second step to german unification

25
reichstag
the federal state's lower house of parliament. it debated and approved (or not) taxes and laws and also could propose laws on its own.
26
the franco-prussian war consequences
- estabilishment of the second reich - estabilishment of the third french republic - italian annexion of the papal states
27
the second reich
founded on 18th january 1871; william the first was the german emperor and bismarck the chancellor; federal state consisting of four kingdoms and three cities; constituional monarchy in theory, authoritarian in practice
28
foreign policy of the second reich
very peaceful; bismarcks two concerns were the balkan peninsula and france
29
four stages of german unification
Step 1- War with Denmark. Step 2- 7 Weeks War- 1866. Step 3 – Creation of the Northern German Confederation – 1867. Step 4 – Franco-Prussian War. (1870- 1871)
30
the austrian empire
started in 1804 by francis the second (later francis the first) in response to the proclamation of the first french empire
31
who started the hapsburg dynasty
rudolf the first in the 13th century
32
list the emperors of austrian empire
francis the first, ferdinard the first and franz joseph the first
33
compromise between hungary and austria name
ausgleich
34
ausgleich what did it establish
austria and hungary shared a common ruler and ministries; hungary was given full internal autonomy and the parliament was re-estabilished
35
kingdom of sardinia
an italian state in north western italy; until 1848 it was an absolute monarchy, but then it switched to a constitutional monarchy
36
the papal staet
756-1870, capital in rome, absolute monarchy
37
kingdom of two scillies
largest italian state, in southern part of italy; house of bourbon
38
RISORGIMENTO
19th century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of italy into one single state
39
the second war of italian independence
1861, provoked by minister of piedmot, kingdom of italy unified and victor emmanuel 2 became the king
40
realpolitik
bismarcks policy that principles mattered less than outcomes