WW1 Flashcards
What countries emerged from the Treaty of Trianon?
- Czechoslovakia
- Poland (return thereof
- Yugoslavia (Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes).
- Other territory went to France, Romania, and Italy.
What was the Treaty of Trianon?
dictated by the Triple Entente powers led by French diplomats, determined that Austria-Hungary should dissolve into multiple nation-states, Austria-Hungary signed the treaty in protest.
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
Germany lost
-10% of its land, all its overseas colonies
-12.5% of its population
-16% of its coal
-48% of its iron industry
Capitulation (definition)
The action of surrendering or ceasing to resist an opponent or demand
Describe the Capitulation of the German Empire (1918)
close to the war’s end Germans overthrow gov’t because of dissent for making extreme sacrafices during war and for being humiliated for losing the war —- they could forsee
What were the 4 reasons the Weimar Republic was established as a liberal democracy?
- liberal democratic countries in Europe were generating high levels of personal wealth (successful in other countries)
- Germans did not trust a gov’t to have absolute power which is what communism called for. (didn’t trust a gov’t of autocracy)
- Germans wanted to keep their personal wealth
- WW1 demonstrated that liberal democratic states can build and manage powerful militaries.
What was the Balfour Declaration?
an agreement between Britain’s then-foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, and Lionel Walter Rothschild, declaring Britain’s aim to establish “a national home for Jewish people” in Palestine.
Dissenfranchisment (definiton)
the state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote
Triple Alliance “Central Powers”
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
Triple Entente “Allied Powers”
Russia, Britain, France <- Canada was apart/ in favour of Triple Entente
France WW1 Interests
Gave up two wealth territories to Germany when it lost te Franco-Prussian war.
national int: economic prosperity
nationalism (geographic/cultural)
Russia WW1 Interests
‘Sleeping Giant”
- borders on Germany
- has a large Germany
Plays “big brother” to Serbia
national int: (economic prosperity) nationalism (language)
Britain WW1 Interests
Largest empire, Largest navy to protect its empire. In an arms race with Germany to build a bigger and stronger navy.
national int: safety & security
nationalism (colonies)
Germany WW1 Interests
Seeking land and raw materials
Allies with Austria-Hungary and Italy. Builds a large army to compete with France and Britain
national int: economic prosperity
nationalism: historical
Italy WW1 Interests
Has a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Will help them if they’re attacked
national int: safety & security
Austria-Hungary WW1 Interests
Their nationalism threatens Austria-Hungary’s colonial power. Takes over Bosnia
Wants to take over Serbia and all Slavic nations
national int: safety & security, economic prosperity
nationalism: ideologial
What are the 3 categories of national interests
- Economic Prosperity
- Beliefs & Values
- Safety & Security
Ultranationalism
radical loyalty and devotion to a nation nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains detrimental supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its specific interests.
What are the three types of Authoritarian government?
Oligarchy, Autocracy, Totalitarianism
Oligarchy
- Rule by a select group of people in which the right to rule is determined by specific qualities, such as wealth, race, heredity, or education.
- Act in the interests of their social class, not for the greater good.
Autocracy
-Power is vested in one single ruler who is only accountable to themselves.
-Do not tend to follow an ideology
dictatorship
monarchy
Totalitarianism
-An extreme form of authoritarianism that seeks not only complete control of politics, but of the social, economic, cultural, and religious lives of citizens
-Associated with an official ideology.
Typically a one-party state.
5 Main causes of WW1
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assasination
Expansionism (Lebensraum)
Hitler’s idea of “territorial expansion” would get that space by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia
Appeasement policy
-diplomatic policy of conceding the enemy country to avoid war, policy followed by Britain and France
-allowed Hitler to violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles so that he would not do anything worse.
What was the Conscription Crisis of 1917?
The vast majority of French Canadians opposed conscription; they felt that they had no particular loyalty to either Britain or France. They felt their only loyalty was to Canada. English Canadians supported the war effort as they felt stronger ties to the British Empire.
What sparked WWI?
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip
-Serbian terrorist group (Black Hand)
-Further enrages Austro-Hungarians
Justifies military response
Why didn’t the United States want to join the League of Nations after WWI
Because of opposition from isolationists in Congress
Blank Cheque (Carte Blanche)
Austria-Hungary seeks advice from Germany
Germany gives a “blank cheque” to respond as they wish
They will support them even if it means war
Schlieffen Plan
-Germany decides to attack France through Belgium
-However, Belgium is neutral
Britain had signed a treaty to protect it
Internment of “Enemy Aliens”
Canadian citizens of Austro-Hungarian (mostly Ukrainians) and German descent were interned in prison camps across Canada.
Conscription Crisis
-Quebec was largely opposed to conscription, although the federal government made this mandatory in 1917.
-This aggravated Francophone-Anglophone relations in Canada,
-Quebecers saw they had no voice in Canadian politics or provincial autonomy.
